Zusammenfassung
Unter den potenziell teratogenen Substanzen haben Nikotin, Kokain und Alkohol in der Schwangerschaft die bei weitem gefährlichsten Auswirkungen auf das ungeborene Kind. Während es für Kokain als der wichtigsten „harten Droge“ bisher keine wissenschaftlich belegbaren Beweise dafür gibt, dass die Exposition in utero mit bleibenden spezifischen Entwicklungsschäden der betroffenen Kinder einhergehen, scheint der chronische Nikotinabusus während der Schwangerschaft zu einigen nachweisbaren, teratogen bedingten anhaltenden kognitiven Defiziten und Verhaltensstörungen zu führen. Heute gilt vor allem aber der Alkohol als eine der führenden teratogenen Substanzen mit bleibenden ZNS-Störungen. Bisher wissen wir noch wenig über die Langzeitfolgen an den Kindern, die während der Schwangerschaft einem chronischen mütterlichen Alkoholabusus ausgesetzt waren. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert mögliche teratogene Wirkungen von Kokain und Nikotin und stellt das klinische Bild des fetalen Alkoholsyndroms in früher Kindheit, in Adoleszenz und im jungen Erwachsenenalter dar.
Abstract
Among potential teratogenic substances nicotine, cocaine, and alcohol may have the most deleterious influence on the developing child. Whereas there is no convincing evidence that in utero cocaine exposure is associated with developmental toxic effects that are different from the sequelae of multiple other prenatal risk factors, nicotine exposure during pregnancy seems to have at least some long-term developmental and behavioral teratogenic effects on the fetal brain. At present, alcohol is recorded as the leading teratogenic agent in long-lasting CNS dysfunction. Little is known about the long-term development and outcome of children exposed to chronic maternal alcohol abuse in pregnancy. This paper presents the clinical picture of the fetal alcohol syndrome in infancy, adolescence and adulthood.
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Spohr, H.L. Teratogene Effekte von Nikotin, Drogen und Alkohol. Gynäkologe 38, 25–32 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-004-1640-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-004-1640-6