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Uptake and Elimination of 4-Nonylphenol in the Enchytraeid Enchytraeus albidus

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Abstract

We determined the uptake and elimination kinetics of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in Enchytraeus albidus. A relatively fast degradation of 4-NP in test soil occurred at 20°C (λ = 0.11 day−1). The concentration of 4-NP in worm tissue followed a three-phase kinetics model, with a short phase of fast 4-NP accumulation shortly after exposure start (k u  = 0.97 mg kg−1 day−1), followed by partial elimination (K e1 = 1.47 day−1) until reaching the equilibrium phase (A = 44.7 mg kg−1 fresh tissue), and finally the elimination upon transfer to uncontaminated soil (K e2 = 0.67 day−1). During uptake, the internal concentration was similar to the concentration found in the soil, with a BAF ~ 1. In un-spiked soil, elimination took place within the first 24 h (elimination t1/2 ~ 1 day).

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a PhD Grant [SFRH/BD/75209/2010] to A.L.P.S. and by funding FEDER through COMPETE Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade and by National funding through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within UID/AMB/50017/2013. M.H. was supported by The Danish Council for Independent Research [Contract No. 10-084579]. We would like to thank to Dr C.A.M (Kees) van Gestel for his assistance and guidance in the modelling work, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable advice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    A. L. Patrício Silva & M. J. B. Amorim

  2. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark

    M. Holmstrup

Authors
  1. A. L. Patrício Silva
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  2. M. J. B. Amorim
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  3. M. Holmstrup
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Correspondence to M. Holmstrup.

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Patrício Silva, A.L., Amorim, M.J.B. & Holmstrup, M. Uptake and Elimination of 4-Nonylphenol in the Enchytraeid Enchytraeus albidus . Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 96, 156–161 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1701-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1701-7

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