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How are immigrant background and gender associated with the utilisation of psychiatric care among adolescents?

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate how parental country of birth and individual gender affect utilisation of psychiatric care in adolescents.

Methods

On the basis of data from the Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis in Scania database, the article employs logistic regression to analyse the utilisation of psychiatric care among adolescents aged 13–18 (n = 92203) who were living in the southern Swedish county of Scania in 2005.

Results

Adolescents whose parents were born in middle- or low-income countries presented lower levels of psychiatric outpatient care utilisation than those with native parents. Initially, no associations were found between the utilisation of psychiatric inpatient care and parental country of birth. Following adjustment for socio-demographic variables, it was found that adolescents with parents born in low-income countries were less likely to utilise psychiatric inpatient care. Girls presented higher levels of psychiatric care utilisation, but controls for possible interactions revealed that this was true primarily for girls with parents born in Sweden or other high-income countries.

Conclusions

The different utilisation patterns found among adolescents with different backgrounds should be taken into consideration when planning and designing psychiatric care for adolescents, and when allocating resources. Our results may indicate lower levels of mental health problems among adolescents with parents born in middle- or low-income countries implying that protective factors compensate other stressors implicated in mental health problems. On the other hand, our findings may indicate an unmet health-care need as a result of problems accessing care.

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Notes

  1. Running separate logistic regression analysis for each migrant sub-group showed that girls were more likely to utilise psychiatric care than boys in all groups except the low-income country group where no significant differences were found.

  2. A, repeat of our analysis based on a geographical categorisation of parental country of birth resulted in similar utilisation patterns as in the initial analysis; adolescents whose parents were not from western countries proved to have lower levels of psychiatric outpatient care utilisation by comparison with adolescents with Swedish-born parents, while no conclusive associations were found between inpatient psychiatric care utilisation and parental country of birth (data not shown).

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Acknowledgments

Anna-Karin Ivert is funded by the research programme, the Challenges of Migration. This work was supported by the Centre for Economic Demography at Lund University, the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS) [Dnr: 2010-0402, PI Juan Merlo] and the Swedish Research Council (VR) [Dnr K2011-69X-15377-07-6, PI Juan Merlo].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 20506, Malmö, Sweden

    Anna-Karin Ivert, Robert Svensson & Marie Torstensson Levander

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Unit for Social Epidemiology, CRC, Lund University, 20502, Malmö, Sweden

    Juan Merlo

Authors
  1. Anna-Karin Ivert
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  2. Juan Merlo
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  3. Robert Svensson
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  4. Marie Torstensson Levander
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Correspondence to Anna-Karin Ivert.

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Ivert, AK., Merlo, J., Svensson, R. et al. How are immigrant background and gender associated with the utilisation of psychiatric care among adolescents?. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 48, 693–699 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0589-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0589-3

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