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Anxiety and depression in a post-September 11 sample of Arabs in the USA

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Abstract

Objective

Scant research has examined the mental health of Arab Americans. This study aimed to determine the levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of Arab Americans and compare the rates to normative community samples and samples of other minority ethnic/racial groups.

Methods

A non-probability sampling approach resulted in 601 adult Arab American respondents from 35 US states. Respondents completed anxiety and depression questionnaires at a form-based Internet site.

Results

One-fourth of participants reported moderate to severe anxiety levels as measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and one-half reported depression scores that met clinical caseness as assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). The present sample of Arab Americans reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to standardization samples and community samples of four other minority groups.

Conclusions

Arab Americans may be at risk for anxiety and depression. Further studies should be conducted to replicate and validate these results, identify stressors that affect this population, and develop recommendations for clinical interventions.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt

    Mona M. Amer

  2. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Mona M. Amer

  3. Program for the Study of Immigration and Mental Health, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA

    Joseph D. Hovey

  4. SAPE-Psychology Unit, c/o The American University in Cairo NY Office, 420 Fifth Ave., 3rd Floor, New York, NY, 10018, USA

    Mona M. Amer

Authors
  1. Mona M. Amer
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  2. Joseph D. Hovey
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Correspondence to Mona M. Amer.

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Amer, M.M., Hovey, J.D. Anxiety and depression in a post-September 11 sample of Arabs in the USA. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 47, 409–418 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0341-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0341-4

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