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The late Oligocene Cevizlidere Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Tunceli Province, eastern Turkey

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Abstract

The Cevizlidere deposit, located in the Tunceli Province of eastern Anatolia, is the largest porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system in Turkey. The deposit is spatially related to a composite stock, which was emplaced into Paleozoic limestones and Paleogene andesitic rocks to the southeast of the Munzur mountains, near the southwestern margin of the Ovacık pull-apart basin. The host plutonic rocks at Cevizlidere are porphyritic, medium-K calc-alkaline diorites and granodiorites. 40Ar/39Ar incremental step-heating analysis of two igneous biotite separates obtained from syn-mineral diorite porphyry yielded late Oligocene cooling ages of 25.49 ± 0.10 and 25.10 ± 0.14 Ma, whereas hydrothermal biotite yielded an age of 24.73 ± 0.08 Ma. Re-Os ages obtained from two molybdenite separates (24.90 ± 0.10 and 24.78 ± 0.10 Ma) indicate that porphyry-style alteration and mineralization developed shortly after magma emplacement. The whole-rock geochemical composition of the Cevizlidere porphyry intrusions is consistent with derivation from partial melting of the metasomatized supra-subduction zone mantle. However, based on regional tectonic reconstructions, Oligocene magmatic activity in this area appears to be related to a major kinematic reorganization that took place at around 25 Ma, during the switch from subduction to collisional tectonics in eastern Anatolia. This kinematic switch may be attributed to break-off of the Southern Neo-Tethys oceanic slab prior to the Arabia–Eurasia continent-continent collision (~12–10 Ma) following widespread middle Eocene (50–43 Ma) arc/back-arc magmatism. In this respect, the subduction-related tectonic setting of the late Oligocene Cevizlidere porphyry deposit is similar to that of the middle Eocene Çöpler epithermal Au deposit. The late timing of Cevizlidere with respect to the Southern Neo-Tethys subduction may be comparable to some early to late Miocene porphyry-epithermal systems that lie within the contiguous Urumieh-Dokhtar belt in central Iran. The later timing in Iran reflects the diachronous nature of the Eurasia-Afro-Arabia collision.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Rio Tinto Mining and Exploration Ltd., particularly Gerard Rheinberger, for permission to study the Cevizlidere drillcore and also for providing logistical support. Mehtap Yurdakul of the Ankara office facilitated the site visit to Ovacık in June 2008, and Tolga Tosun, Levent Çığ, and Mustafa Şaylı accompanied the first author during his visit to Ovacık. Staff of the Radiogenic Isotope Facility at the University of Alberta are thanked for providing Re-Os isotopic data. This project was funded by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to JPR. Travel expenses for this study were partially provided by the Society of Economic Geologists through a student research grant to Aİ. We thank Associate Editor Gary Davidson and two anonymous reviewers whose comments have significantly helped improve the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada

    Ali İmer, Jeremy P. Richards & Robert A. Creaser

  2. Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4010, USA

    Terry L. Spell

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İmer, A., Richards, J.P., Creaser, R.A. et al. The late Oligocene Cevizlidere Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Tunceli Province, eastern Turkey. Miner Deposita 50, 245–263 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-014-0533-4

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