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Multiple loss-of-function 5-O-glucosyltransferase alleles revealed in Vitis vinifera, but not in other Vitis species

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Abstract

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Wild and loss-of-function alleles of the 5 - O - glucosyltransferase gene responsible for synthesis of diglucoside anthocyanins in Vitis were characterized. The information aids marker development for tracking this gene in grape breeding.

Abstract

Anthocyanins in red grapes are present in two glycosylation states: monoglucoside (3-O-glucoside) and diglucoside (3, 5-di-O-glucoside). While monoglucoside anthocyanins are present in all pigmented grapes, diglucoside anthocyanins are rarely found in the cultivated grape species Vitis vinifera. Biochemically 3-O-glucoside anthocyanins can be converted into 3,5-di-O-glucoside anthocyanins by a 5-O-glucosyltransferase. In this study, we surveyed allelic variation of the 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene (5GT) in 70 V. vinifera ssp. vinifera cultivars, 52 V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris accessions, 23 Vitis hybrid grapes, and 22 accessions of seven other Vitis species. Eighteen 5GT alleles with apparent loss-of-function mutations, including seven premature stop codon mutations and six frameshift indel mutations, were discovered in V. vinifera, but not in the other Vitis species. A total of 36 5GT alleles without apparent loss-of-function mutations (W-type) were identified. These W-type alleles were predominantly present in wild Vitis species, although a few of them were also found in some V. vinifera accessions. We further evaluated some of these 5GT alleles in producing diglucoside anthocyanins by analyzing the content of diglucoside anthocyanins in a set of representative V. vinifera cultivars. Through haplotype network analysis we revealed that V. vinifera ssp. vinifera and its wild progenitor V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris shared many loss-of-function 5GT alleles and extensive divergence of the 5GT alleles was evident within V. vinifera. This work advances our understanding of the genetic diversity of 5GT and provides a molecular basis for future marker-assisted selection for improving this important wine quality trait.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Andy Humiston of Department of Horticulture, Cornell University for providing his assistance in HPLC analysis of anthocyanins and Thomas Chao, Dawn Dellefave and Bill Srmack of USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Unit for their assistance in collecting tissue samples from the USDA-ARS Geneva Vitis Clonal Repository. USDA-ARS is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This project was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS Project Number 1910-21000-020-00D.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Author notes

  1. Peter Cousins

    Present address: E. & J. Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA, 95353, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Yingzhen Yang, Peter Cousins & Gan-Yuan Zhong

  2. USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Joanne A. Labate & Gan-Yuan Zhong

  3. Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People’s Republic of China

    Zhenchang Liang

  4. USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository, UCD, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8683, USA

    Bernard Prins, John E. Preece & Mallikarjuna Aradhya

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  1. Yingzhen Yang
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Correspondence to Gan-Yuan Zhong.

Additional information

Communicated by Reinhard Toepfer.

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Yang, Y., Labate, J.A., Liang, Z. et al. Multiple loss-of-function 5-O-glucosyltransferase alleles revealed in Vitis vinifera, but not in other Vitis species. Theor Appl Genet 127, 2433–2451 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2388-6

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