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Die bilaterale renale Onkozytose als diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung

Falldarstellung und Literaturreview

The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of bilateral renal oncocytosis

Illustrative case presentations and a review of the literature

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Zusammenfassung

Die renale Onkozytose ist eine sehr seltene Erkrankung mit dominant beidseitigem Nachweis multipler Nierentumoren und kann den Kliniker vor erhebliche diagnostische als auch therapeutische Probleme stellen. Wir berichten von einem 60-jährigen männlichen Patienten mit inzidentellem Nachweis mehrerer bilateraler und kontrastmittelaufnehmender renaler Raumforderungen unterschiedlicher Größe in der Computertomographie. In einem zweizeitigen Vorgehen wurden die Tumoren des Patienten jeweils vollständig und nierenerhaltend reseziert. Die histologische Beurteilung aller entfernter Tumoren erbrachte den Nachweis reiner Onkozytome, der postoperative Verlauf war jeweils unauffällig und die Nierenfunktion in der 6‑monatigen Nachbeobachtung stabil. Die Herausforderung hinsichtlich Diagnostik und Therapie bei diesem Krankheitsbild liegt in der primären Unterscheidung zwischen dem benignen Onkozytom, dem chromophoben Nierenzellkarzinom und Hybridkonstellationen, die allesamt mit einer renalen Onkozytose assoziiert sein können. Nach unserer Auffassung sollte aufgrund der Limitierungen von Bildgebung und Biopsie daher eine operative Freilegung und – wenn möglich – eine organerhaltende Tumorresektion erfolgen. Andererseits müssen vor dem Hintergrund der therapieassoziierten Morbidität und der grundsätzlich guten Prognose dieser Erkrankung die Therapiealternativen mit dem Patienten besprochen werden. In diesem Fallbericht werden die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten und auch die internationale Datenlage zur renalen Onkozytose konzise diskutiert.

Abstract

Bilateral oncocytosis along with multiple tumours in both kidneys represents a very rare pathology that is accompanied by diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of a 60-year old male patient who underwent computer tomography with incidental detection of multiple bilateral and contrast enhancing renal tumours of different size. Subsequently the patient underwent nephron-sparing tumor resection, first on the right side and 4 weeks later on the left side. The histology of all removed tumors showed evidence of pure oncocytoma. There were no postoperative complications and renal function reached a stable state within 6 months follow-up. The major challenge regarding diagnostic process and therapy of this pathology is to distinguish benign oncocytoma from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and hybrid tumours, which can all be associated with renal oncocytosis. Because of limitations concerning imaging processes and biopsy, all patients should undergo nephron-sparing surgery as far as possible. On the other hand alternative therapies should – regarding to therapy-associated morbidity and the basically benign prognosis of oncocytoma – be well discussed to obtain informed consent. In this case report different therapy options and the international literature concerning renal oncocytosis will be discussed.

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Correspondence to M. May.

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M. Janssen, M. Eckerl, J. Moersler, M. Rotter, M. May und C. Gilfrich geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Janssen, M., Eckerl, M., Moersler, J. et al. Die bilaterale renale Onkozytose als diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung. Urologe 55, 941–948 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-016-0058-9

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