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Fehlbildungen von Herz und Gefäßen

Cardiac and vascular malformations

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Zusammenfassung

Fehlbildungen von Herz und Gefäßen zeigen einen erheblichen Variationsspielraum. Es gibt zahlreiche Varianten und Defekte mit geringer Ausprägung, welche nur per Zufall im Lauf des Lebens detektiert werden; hierzu zählen z. B. die persistierende linke obere Hohlvene oder partielle Lungenvenenfehlmündungen. Andere kardiovaskuläre Fehlbildungen zeigen sich früh post partum und müssen zeitnah, meist operativ, versorgt werden. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist die Echokardiographie ein etabliertes und vollständig ausreichendes Verfahren zur morphologischen und funktionellen Charakterisierung. Nur in seltenen Fällen wird eine zusätzliche Bildgebung mittels CT oder MRT benötigt. Wenn ja, stellen die kleinen anatomischen Strukturen, die physiologische Tachykardie und Tachypnoe eine besondere Herausforderung für die Diagnostik dar.

In dieser Übersicht werden, unabhängig vom diagnostischen Verfahren, die häufigsten vaskulären, kardialen und komplexen kardiovaskulären Malformationen besprochen.

Abstract

Malformations of the heart and great vessels show a high degree of variation. There are numerous variants and defects with only few clinical manifestations and are only detected by chance, such as a persistent left superior vena cava or a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Other cardiovascular malformations are manifested directly after birth and need prompt mostly surgical interventions. At this point in time echocardiography is the diagnostic modality of choice for morphological and functional characterization of malformations. Additional imaging using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is only required in a minority of cases. If so, the small anatomical structures, the physiological tachycardia and tachypnea are a challenge for imaging modalities and strategies. This review article presents the most frequent vascular, cardiac and complex cardiovascular malformations independent of the first line diagnostic imaging modality.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. S. Ley und L. Ley-Zaporozhan geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Chirurgische Klinik Dr. Rinecker, Am Isarkanal 30, 81379, München, Deutschland

    S. Ley

  2. Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland

    S. Ley

  3. Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Abteilung Pädiatrische Radiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland

    J. Ley-Zaporozhan

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Correspondence to S. Ley.

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Ley, S., Ley-Zaporozhan, J. Fehlbildungen von Herz und Gefäßen. Radiologe 55, 570–579 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-014-2773-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-014-2773-9

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