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Ernährung und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel bei neurologischen Erkrankungen

Nutrition and dietary supplements in neurological diseases

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Zusammenfassung

„Gesunde“ Ernährungsweisen und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel werden zur Prävention und Krankheitsmodifikation bei vaskulären, entzündlichen, degenerativen und anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen empfohlen und propagiert. Neben einer Vielzahl von Assoziationsstudien liegen allerdings nur wenige Interventionsstudien zu einzelnen Ernährungsweisen vor. Aktuell konnte für eine mediterrane Diät mit viel Olivenöl und Nüssen eine schlaganfallpräventive Wirkung belegt werden; eine ketogene Diät senkt die Anfallsfrequenz bei Epilepsie. Für Riboflavin, Magnesium und Koenzym Q10 konnten Hinweise auf eine Wirksamkeit bei der Migräne erbracht werden. Kreatin kann die Muskelkraft bei Muskeldystrophien und Myositiden verbessern. Für alle anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen existieren zurzeit keine ausreichenden Evidenzen, um eine der vielen Nahrungsergänzungsmittel wie Vitamine, ω-3-Fettsäuren und andere Substanzen zur Prävention oder positiven Krankheitsbeeinflussung empfehlen zu können. In der Übersicht werden die vorliegenden Daten zur Rolle der Ernährung und Nahrungsergänzung bei neurologischen Erkrankungen kritisch gewürdigt.

Summary

“Healthy” diets and supplements are widely used for prevention and disease modification in vascular, inflammatory and degenerative neurological diseases. Apart from a large number of cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies, there are only few interventional studies on individual dietary measures. A recent study confirmed the stroke preventive effect of a Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil and nuts; a ketogenic diet reduces seizure frequency in epilepsy. Supplementation of riboflavin, magnesium and coenzyme Q10 are probably effective in migraine prophylaxis. Creatine can improve muscle strength in muscular dystrophy and myositis. There is insufficient evidence to recommend any of the many dietary supplements, such as vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids and other substances for the prevention or improvement of all other neurological diseases. This review critically evaluates the present data on the role of nutrition and dietary supplements in neurological diseases.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. F. Erbguth und H. Himmerich geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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  1. Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Nürnberg – Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nürnberg, Deutschland

    F. Erbguth

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland

    H. Himmerich

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Erbguth, F., Himmerich, H. Ernährung und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel bei neurologischen Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 85, 1501–1511 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-013-3975-5

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