Zusammenfassung
Zur Intervention bei Autismusspektrumstörungen („autism spectrum disorders“, ASD) werden unzählige Maßnahmen angeboten. Nur wenige Methoden können jedoch eine Evidenzbasierung beanspruchen, und auch die evaluierten Methoden bedürfen einer weiteren Prüfung der Wirkmechanismen und des Geltungsbereichs. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert Prämissen und Prinzipien erfolgreicher psychobiosozialer Intervention bei ASD und gibt mit ABA, TEACCH, PECS, dem Training sozialer Fertigkeiten und kognitivem Training Beispiele einzelner genügend empirisch bewährter Verfahren und deren Grenzen. Mit dem Versuch des Trainings fehlender μ-Suppression durch Neurofeedback und der Reanimation von Gyrus fusiformis und Amygdala durch Förderung fazialer Affekterkennung werden neurobiologisch begründete Behandlungsansätze vorgestellt.
Summary
A multitude of interventions is offered for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, only few have demonstrated scientific evidence, and even the evaluated methods need further examination of their mechanisms and scope. This article provides a brief summary of the premises and principles of successful psychobiosocial ASD intervention. ABA, TEACCH, PECS, social skills and cognitive training are described as examples for established approaches to ASD. Training of μ-suppression using neurofeedback and reanimation of the fusiform gyrus and amygdala using computer-aided facial affect recognition training are introduced as neurobiologically based ASD interventions.
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Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Der Autor bezieht vom Verlag Hans Huber Honorar für das Manual zum KONTAKT-Training (2008) und das Lehrbuch „Autismus“ (2009) sowie vom Hogrefe-Verlag für das Lehrbuch „Autism Spectrum Conditions: FAQ“ (2010).
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Bölte, S. Psychobiosoziale Intervention bei Autismus. Nervenarzt 82, 590–596 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3237-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3237-8