Skip to main content
Log in

Diagnostik der Essstörungen

Was wird das DSM-5 bringen?

Diagnostic criteria for eating disorders

What will DSM-5 feature?

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Nervenarzt Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die diagnostischen Kriterien der klassischen Essstörungen Anorexia nervosa (AN) und Bulimia nervosa (BN) zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Validität und klinische Anwendbarkeit aus. Dennoch erfüllen bis zu 50% der Patientinnen und Patienten, die sich in Essstörungseinrichtungen vorstellen, nicht die vollen diagnostischen Kriterien und müssten bei korrekter Diagnostik den atypischen oder nicht näher bezeichneten (NNB-)Essstörungen zugeordnet werden (auch wenn das in der klinischen Praxis häufig nicht geschieht). Die Essstörungen zeigen also eine größere Variabilität in ihrer klinischen Präsentation als sie das ICD-10 oder DSM-IV vorschlägt. Der Artikel geht auf die für das DSM-5 bisher vorgeschlagenen Änderungen ein. Durch Entschärfen des Gewichtskriteriums bei der AN und durch Reduktion der für die Diagnose geforderten Frequenz der Essanfälle bei BN und Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) ist abzusehen, dass sich der Anteil der NNB- oder atypischen Essstörungen deutlich verkleinern wird. Zudem werden unter den NNB-Essstörungen spezifische neue Syndrome vorgeschlagen, deren Validität weiter überprüft werden soll.

Summary

The diagnostic criteria of the classic eating disorders anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by both a high validity and clinical utility. However, up to 50% of patients in specialized eating disorder centers do not meet the full diagnostic criteria and are relegated to the residual diagnosis „eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS)“. Eating disorders are more varied and variable than the ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria suggest. This article describes the suggested modifications of the diagnostic criteria for eating disorders for the DSM-5. The DSM-5 abstains from setting a specific numerical standard for weight for AN and reduces the required minimum frequency for BN and binge eating disorder (BED) to once a week over the last 3 months. This will likely reduce the number of cases in the EDNOS category. In addition, the DSM-5 provides brief descriptions of several conditions of potential clinical significance without providing detailed criteria in order to stimulate additional research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – DSM-IV-TR, 4. Aufl. Washington, DC

  2. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5. www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevisions/

  3. Attia E, Roberto CA (2009) Should amenorrhoe be a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord 42:581–589

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Becker AE, Eddy KT, Perloe A (2009) Clarifying criteria for cognitive signs and symptoms for eating disorders in DSM-IV. Int J Eat Disord 42:611–619

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Zwaan M de, Mühlhans B (2008) Atypische Essstörungen und Binge-Eating-Störung. In: Herpertz S, Zwaan M de, Zipfel S (Hrsg) Handbuch Essstörungen und Adipositas. Springer, Heidelberg S 24–28

  6. Devlin MJ (2007) Is there a place for obesity in DSM-5? Int J Eat Disord 40:S83–S88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z (2011) Eating disorders, DSM-5 and clinical reality. Br J Psychiatry 198:8–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fairburn CG, Harrison PJ (2003) Eating disorders. Lancet 361:407–416

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hebebrand J, Bulik CM (2011) Critical appraisal of the provisional DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa and an alternative proposal. Int J Eat Disord (in press). DOI 10.1002/eat.20875

  10. Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, Kessler RC (2007) The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry 61:348–358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Keel PK, Brown TA, Holm-Denoma J, Bodell LP (2011) Comparison of DSM-IV versus proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: Reduction of eating disorder not otherwise specified and validity. Int J Eat Disord (in press). DOI 10.1002/eat.20892

  12. Knoll S, Bulik CM, Hebebrand J (2011) Do the currently proposed DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa adequately consider developmental aspects in children and adolescents? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:95–101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Moreno C, Tandon R (2011) Should overeating and obesity be classified as an addictive disorder in DSM-5? Curr Pharm Des 17:1128–1131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Peat C, Mitchell JWE, Hoek HW, Wonderlich SA (2009) Validity and utility of subtyping anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 42:590–594

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rettew DC, Lynch AD, Achenbach TM et al (2009) Meta-analyses of agreement between diagnoses made from clinical evaluation and standardized diagnostic interviews. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 18:169–184

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hoeken D van, Veling W, Sinke S, Mitchell JE (2009) The validity and utility of subtyping bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 42:595–602

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Wilson GT, Sysko R (2009) Frequency of binge eating episodes in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: Diagnostic considerations. Int J Eat Disord 42:603–610

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wonderlich SA, Gordon KH, Mitchell JE, Crosby RD (2009) The validity and clinical utility of binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 42:687–705

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. de Zwaan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Zwaan, M., Herzog, W. Diagnostik der Essstörungen. Nervenarzt 82, 1100–1106 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3225-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3225-z

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation