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Begleitverletzungen bei Tuberculum-majus-Frakturen

Entstehungsmechanismus, Diagnostik, Therapie

Associated injuries with greater tuberosity fractures

Mechanism of injury, diagnostics, treatment

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Zusammenfassung

Einleitung

Die Tuberculum-majus-Fraktur (TMF) findet in der Literatur bisher wenig Beachtung. Verschiedene Entstehungsmechanismen werden beschrieben. Wenige Autoren berichten, dass die TMF mit einer hohen Rate an häufig unerkannten Begleitverletzungen einhergeht.

Fragestellung

Ziel war, bei der TMF die Häufigkeit von Luxationen zu dokumentieren, Begleitverletzungen zu diagnostizieren und anhand dieser auf den Verletzungsmechanismus zurückzuschließen.

Patienten und Methoden

Von 2007 bis 2015 wurden bei 46 Patienten mit TMF <65 Jahre der Nachweis einer Schulterluxation, das Frakturausmaß (Dislokation, Fragmente, Größe), Begleitverletzungen sowie die Therapie der TMF und der Begleitverletzungen dokumentiert. Letztere wurden mittels Computertomographie, Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und Arthroskopie (ASK) detektiert und in primär operationspflichtig und nicht bzw. sekundär operationspflichtig unterteilt.

Ergebnisse

Bei Patienten mit einer 1‑fragmentären TMF konnte in 46,2 % eine Luxation nachgewiesen werden. Bei einer 2‑fragmentären TMF hatten 66,7 %, bei ≥3 Fragmenten alle eine Schulterluxation. Bei 90,7 % lassen sich luxationstypische Begleitverletzungen finden, die zu 52,6 % primär operationspflichtig sind. Mit und ohne Luxation findet sich annähernd dieselbe Prävalenz an Begleitverletzungen (92,6 %; 87,5 %). Mit Luxation wurden 70,8 %, ohne Luxation 35,7 % der Begleitverletzungen als primär operationspflichtig eingestuft.

Diskussion

Die TMF scheint häufig auf einen anterioren Schulterluxationsmechanismus zurückzuführen zu sein. Bei mehrfragmentärer TMF bzw. Luxation sind primär operationspflichtige Begleitverletzungen häufig, ohne nachgewiesene Luxation sind sie weniger häufig. Gezielt sollte nach Begleitverletzungen gesucht werden. Eine ASK kann zu deren Diagnostik und Therapie erfolgen. Bei einer konservativ zu therapierenden TMF sollte eine MRT erfolgen.

Abstract

Background

To date, little attention has been given to greater tuberosity fractures (GTFs) in the literature. Several mechanisms of injury are described, but few authors report that a GTF is accompanied by a high rate of often unrecognized associated injuries.

Objectives

The aim was to document the incidence of dislocation, to diagnose associated injuries and, based on these, these draw conclusions about the mechanism of injury concerning GTF.

Patients and methods

From 2007–2015 the detection of a shoulder dislocation, the fracture extent (displacement, fragments, size), associated injuries, and the surgical treatment of GTF and associated injuries were documented in 46 patients with GTF who were less than 65 years of age. After detection of associated injuries by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or arthroscopy it was decided if surgery was necessary or not.

Results

Shoulder dislocation was found in 46.2 % of patients with a 1-fragmentary GTF. Shoulder dislocation was found in 66.7 % of patients with a 2-fragmentary GTF and 100 % of patients with ≥3 fragments.. Typical injuries associated with dislocation were found in 90.7 %. In 52.6 % of these surgery was necessary. With or without dislocation, approximately the same prevalence of associated injuries was present (92.6 %; 87.5 %). With dislocation surgery for the associated injuries was necessary in 70.8 %; without dislocation surgery was necessary in 35.7 %.

Discussion

The reason for a GTF seems to be an anterior shoulder dislocation or partial dislocation. In multifragmentary GTF or GTF with dislocation surgery is necessary frequently; without dislocation surgery is necessary less frequently. Associated injuries should be searched for selectively. An arthroscopy could be performed for diagnosis and therapy. In a GTF that can be treated conservatively, an MRI should be performed.

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M. Muhm, S. Arend, H. Winkler und T. Ruffing geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Muhm, M., Arend, S., Winkler, H. et al. Begleitverletzungen bei Tuberculum-majus-Frakturen. Unfallchirurg 120, 854–864 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-016-0235-8

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