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40 Jahre Lebertransplantation im Kindes- und Jugendalter

40 years of liver transplantation in childhood and adolescence

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Zusammenfassung

Die jahrzehntelange Entwicklung der pädiatrischen Lebertransplantation (LTx) ist eine Erfolgsgeschichte. Als etablierte Standardtherapie für klassische Indikationen wie biliäre Zirrhose zeigt sie in der Hand erfahrener, hochqualifizierter, interdisziplinärer Behandlungsteams ein hervorragendes Langzeitüberleben. Beteiligt sind Pädiater, Transplantationschirurgen, Pflegepersonal, Intensivmediziner, Anästhesisten, Physiotherapeuten, Diätassistenten, Logopäden und psychosoziale Mitarbeiter. Trotzdem wird eine bisher lebenslimitierende Erkrankung mithilfe einer Transplantation durch einen neuen chronischen Erkrankungsstatus ersetzt. In Anbetracht der Langzeitperspektive sind Prävention und Erkennung von Komplikationen nach LTx umso wichtiger geworden. Der Betreuungsfokus muss neben der Sicherung der Transplantatfunktion auf Aspekten der Lebensqualität, Rehabilitation, Überwachung therapieassoziierter Nebenwirkungen und Stärkung der Compliance liegen. Der Spenderorganmangel verpflichtet zur optimalen Ausnutzung aller Ressourcen, einschließlich der Teilung („splitting“) von geeigneten Organen. Die Zukunft unter Berücksichtigung neuer innovativer Therapien wird zeigen, inwieweit sich die Indikationen zur pädiatrischen LTx zukünftig verändern.

Abstract

The development of pediatric liver transplantation (LTx) over the past decades has been a success story. As the established standard treatment for classical indications, such as biliary cirrhosis, LTx shows excellent long-term survival in the hands of experienced, highly qualified interdisciplinary treatment teams. The interdisciplinary team consist of pediatricians, transplantation surgeons, nursing personnel, intensive care specialists, anesthetists, physiotherapists, dieticians, speech therapists and psychosocial workers. In spite of this, a liver transplantation replaces a previously life-limiting disease with a new chronic disease status. With respect to the long-term perspectives, the prevention and recognition of complications after LTx have become even more important. In addition to ensuring a functioning transplant, the focus of care is on aspects of quality of life, rehabilitation, monitoring of therapy-associated side effects and strengthening compliance. The lack of donor organs necessitates an optimal utilization of all available resources, including splitting of suitable organs. With respect to novel innovative forms of therapy, the future will reveal to what extent the indications for pediatric LTx will change.

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Danksagung

Ich danke Frau Katharina Migal für die Hilfe bei der Erstellung der Abbildungen.

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Correspondence to E.-D. Pfister.

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E.-D. Pfister gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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S. Wirth, Wuppertal

F. Zepp, Mainz

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Pfister, ED. 40 Jahre Lebertransplantation im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 164, 455–464 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-016-0085-z

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