Skip to main content
Log in

Mammakarzinom

Individualisierte Therapiekonzepte

Breast cancer

Individualized therapy concepts

  • Schwerpunkt
  • Published:
Der Internist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die personalisierte Medizin im Sinne individualisierter Therapiekonzepte spielt beim Mammakarzinom eine wichtige Rolle. Beim frühen Mammakarzinom sind die molekularen Subtypen luminal A und B sowie „basal-like“ wichtig für die Planung der adjuvanten Systemtherapie. Prognostische und prädiktive Marker wie der Hormonrezeptorstatus, HER2, Ki-67, uPA/PAI-1 oder Multigentests wie Oncotype DX® ermöglichen heute bereits die Vermeidung einer Über- oder Untertherapie. Beim frühen wie auch beim fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinom gibt es eine zunehmende Zahl neuer zielgerichteter Therapien, die eine Ergänzung zur herkömmlichen endokrinen oder Chemotherapie darstellen; zukünftig könnten sie diese zumindest teilweise auch ersetzen. Insgesamt ist die Therapieführung beim Mammakarzinom durch die Einbeziehung molekularer Informationen, neuer Therapien und die Aufhebung konventioneller Behandlungskonzepte komplexer geworden. Entscheidend für die Zukunft wird sein, diese Entwicklungen durch moderne Studienkonzepte zeitnah mit einer ausreichenden Evidenz zu untermauern. Dann ist zu erwarten, dass in einer personalisierten Therapie beim frühen Mammakarzinom insbesondere die adjuvante Chemotherapie nur bei Patientinnen eingesetzt wird, die diese auch wirklich benötigen. Bei fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungen besteht die berechtigte Hoffnung, mithilfe der zielgerichteten Therapie die Überlebenszeit im Sinne einer chronischen Erkrankung zu verbessern.

Abstract

Personalized medicine in the sense of individualized therapy concepts plays an important role in breast cancer. In early breast cancer the molecular subtypes luminal A and B and basal-like are important for planning adjuvant systemic therapy. Prognostic and predictive markers, such as hormone receptor status, HER2, Ki-67, uPA/PAI-1 or multiple gene tests, such as Oncotype DX® currently allow avoidance of an over therapy or under therapy. In early and also advanced breast cancer there are an increasing number of new targeted therapies which represent an augmentation of standard endocrine and chemotherapy and in the future could at least partially replace them. As a whole the therapy regimens for breast cancer have become more complex due to the inclusion of molecular information, new therapies and the withdrawal of conventional treatment concepts. Decisive for the future will be the confirmation of this development by modern study concepts contemporarily with adequate evidence. It could then be expected that a personalized therapy for early breast cancer and in particular adjuvant chemotherapy would only be used for those patients for whom it is really necessary. In advanced stage disease there is justified hope that the survival time in the sense of a chronic disease can be improved by the use of targeted therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3

Literatur

  1. http://www.krebsdaten.de

  2. Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB et al (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406:747–752

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Goldhirsch A, Wood WS, Coates AS et al (2011) Strategies for subtypes—dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011. Ann Oncol 22:1736–1747

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2012) Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 490:61–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, A’Hern R et al (2011) Assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer: recommendations from the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer working group. J Natl Cancer Inst 103:1656–1664

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bastien RR, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Ebbert MT et al (2012) PAM50 breast cancer subtyping by RT-qPCR and concordance with standard clinical molecular markers. BMC Med Genomics 5:44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT et al (2009) Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 360:2055–2065

    Google Scholar 

  8. S3-Leitlinie Mammakarzinom. http://www.senologie.org

  9. Scharl A, Harbeck N, Janni W et al (2012) Der routinemäßige Einsatz von Gentests ist derzeit nicht sinnvoll. Dtsch Ärztebl 109

  10. Blohmer JU, Rezai M, Kümmel S et al (2013) Using the 21-gene assay to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making in early-stage breast cancer: a cost-effectiveness evaluation in the German setting. J Med Econ 16:30–40

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jacobs VR, Augustin D, Wischnik A (2012) CTX and CTX-related direct medication costs saved by testing biomarkers uPA and PAI-1 in primary breast cancer: results of a prospective multi-center study at certified breast centers in Germany. Cancer Res 72(Suppl):P5-15-04

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Liedtke C, Mazouni C, Hess KR et al (2008) Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:1275–1281

    Google Scholar 

  13. Untch M, Fasching PA, Konecny GE et al (2011) Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab predicts favourable survival in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpression breast cancer: results from the TECHNO trial of AGO and GBG study groups. J Clin Oncol 29:3351–3357

    Google Scholar 

  14. Early Breast Cancer Trialists‘ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), Peto R, Davies C et al (2012) Comparisons between different polychemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer. Meta-analyses of long-term outcome among 100,000 women in 123 randomised trials. Lancet 379:432–444

    Google Scholar 

  15. Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M et al (2012) Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 366:520–529

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bachelot T, Bourgier C, Cropet C (2012) Randomized phase II trial of everolimus in combination with tamoxifen in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer with prior exposure to aromatase inhibitors: a GINECO study. J Clin Oncol 30:2718–2724

    Google Scholar 

  17. Baselga J, Cortes J, Kim SB et al (2012) Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med 12:109–119

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gianni L, Pientkowski T, Im YH et al (2012) Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 13:25–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Verma S, Miles D, Gianni L et al (2012) Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 367:1783–1791

    Google Scholar 

  20. Von Minckwitz G, Schwedler K, Schmidt M et al (2011) Trastuzumab beyond progression. Overall survival analysis of GBG 26/BIG 3-05 phase III study in HER2-positive breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 47:2273–2281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Harbeck N, Salem M, Nitz U et al (2010) Personalized treatment of early-stage breast cancer: present concepts and future directions. Cancer Treat Rev 36:584–594

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bossung V, Harbeck N (2012) Angiogenesis inhibitors in the management of breast cancer. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 22:79–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Die korrespondierende Autorin weist für sich und ihren Koautor auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Beraterverträge Roche, Novartis, Genomic Health.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Harbeck.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Harbeck, N., Wuerstlein, R. Mammakarzinom. Internist 54, 194–200 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-012-3156-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-012-3156-9

Schlüsselwörter

Kewords

Navigation