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Estimating the spread rate of urea formaldehyde adhesive on birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer using fluorescence

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Abstract

In plywood production, human operators find it difficult to precisely monitor the spread rate of adhesive in real-time. In this study, macroscopic fluorescence was used to estimate spread rate (SR) of urea formaldehyde adhesive on birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer. This method could be an option when developing automated real-time SR measurement for plywood or processes. Estimation of SR was shown where adhesive was spread uniformly and also where adhesive was spread as lines. For uniform spreading, average intensity of the fluorescence image predicted the SR of adhesive well, with an R2 of 0.97 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 13 g m−2. For line-spread adhesive, line average intensity and width were used to estimate SR, and all these features predicted SR well. Furthermore, adhesive penetration into veneer over time could be detected from fluorescence images taken over time.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial assistance provided by the Energy Efficient Wood Processing and Machining project. This project forms part of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Digitalisation and Energy (MIDE), a research program on digitalisation and energy technology at Aalto University, that carries out important long-term projects aimed at creating high-level expertise, strengthening teaching and increasing the competitiveness of Finnish business and industry. Special thanks are also extended to Koskisen Oy (Järvelä, Finland) for providing materials for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wood Material Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16400, 00076, Aalto, Finland

    Toni Antikainen, Anti Rohumaa, Mari Levirinne & Mark Hughes

  2. USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA

    Christopher G. Hunt

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  1. Toni Antikainen
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  2. Anti Rohumaa
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  3. Christopher G. Hunt
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  4. Mari Levirinne
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  5. Mark Hughes
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Correspondence to Toni Antikainen.

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Antikainen, T., Rohumaa, A., Hunt, C.G. et al. Estimating the spread rate of urea formaldehyde adhesive on birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneer using fluorescence. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 73, 69–75 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-014-0864-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-014-0864-y

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