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Adjuvanzien

Adjuvants

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Zusammenfassung

Geschätzt wird, dass etwa 5 % aller Patienten, die prinzipiell von einer spezifischen Immuntherapie (SIT) profitieren können, tatsächlich einer SIT unterzogen werden. Dabei ist die SIT derzeit die einzige kurative Therapie mit der Toleranz bei individueller Allergie, insbesondere gegen Aeroallergene und Insektengifte, erzeugt werden kann. Therapeutika, mit denen in möglichst kurzen Therapieprotokollen Allergien hochwirksam und sicher behandelt werden können, sind das Ziel neuer Entwicklungen. Adjuvanzien sind pharmakologische und/oder immunologische wirksame Moleküle, die die spezifische immunologische Antwort gegen Antigene modifizieren können. In der Impftechnologie werden Adjuvanzien bereits breit eingesetzt, um die Immunogenität hochgereinigter, wenig immunstimulierender Antigene zu erhöhen. Dabei können Adjuvanzien auf eine verlängerte Antigenexposition oder eine Modulation der Immunantwort abzielen oder auch als Vektorsysteme dienen, mit denen Allergene und Adjuvanzien gezielt an Zielzellen transportiert werden können.

Abstract

It is estimated that only 5% of all patients who can principally benefit from specific immunotherapy (SIT) undergo this treatment. SIT represents the only curative treatment for allergic disorders and efficacy has been demonstrated with various allergens. There is an urgent demand for the development of safe preparations with enhanced efficacy achievable by only a few administrations. Adjuvants are pharmacological or immunological acting molecules modifying the specific immunological response to allergens. In vaccine technology, adjuvants are broadly used to enhance immunogenicity of highly purified antigens with low immune stimulating activity. Adjuvants may target to a retarded allergen release, a modulation of the immune system, or can be used as vector systems to transport allergens and adjuvants effectively to target cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Ambulanz für Allergologie, Berufsdermatologie und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland

    R. Brehler

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Interessenkonflikt

R. Brehler gibt an, dass er sich bei der Erstellung des Beitrages nicht von wirtschaftlichen Interessen leiten ließ. Er legt folgende potenzielle Interessenkonflikte offen: Vortragstätigkeit: ALK, Allergopharma, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Bencard, GSK, Dr. Pfleger, Leti, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Pohl Boskamp, Siemens, Stallergenes, Thermo-Fischer. Beratertätigkeit: Allergopharma, Bencard, Leti, Novartis. Klinische Studien: Allergopharma, Bencard, Leti, Novartis, Circassia.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine vom Autor durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Brehler, R. Adjuvanzien. Hautarzt 68, 292–296 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-017-3935-2

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