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Reduzierung von Sitzzeiten bei Kindern – ein systematisches Review

Reduce sedentary behaviour among children – a systematic review

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit

Sitzendes Verhalten gilt als ein eigenständiges gesundheitsriskantes Verhalten. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, ob familienbasierte Interventionen Sitzzeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen reduzieren können und welche Faktoren den Interventionseffekt beeinflussen.

Methoden

Durch eine systematische Literatursuche wurden familienbasierte randomisiert kontrollierte Interventionsstudien identifiziert, welche die Sitzzeit von 3‑ bis 18-Jährigen untersuchten. Die methodische Studienqualität sowie die Wirksamkeit der Interventionen wurden für verschiedene Outcomes (bildschirmbasierte Sitzzeiten vs. Gesamtsitzzeiten) analysiert und auf moderierende Einflüsse hin untersucht.

Ergebnisse

17 der 29 Studien fanden signifikante Effekte und 11 Studien positive Tendenzen auf eine reduzierte Sitzzeit. Die Interventionsinhalte, der Grad der theoretischen Fundierung sowie die methodische Studienqualität waren heterogen. Oftmals wurden bildschirmbasierte und selten Gesamtsitzzeiten untersucht. Eindeutige Erfolgsfaktoren einer Intervention ließen sich nicht ableiten. Der Anteil positiver Interventionsergebnisse zur Reduzierung von Fernsehkonsum fiel im Vergleich zu anderen Outcomes höher aus. Die Moderatoranalyse zeigte eine Überlegenheit von Interventionen mit Vorschulkindern.

Diskussion

Es existieren viele Erfolg versprechende Möglichkeiten für familienbasierte Interventionen zur Sitzzeitreduzierung. Aussagen zur Replizierbarkeit und Erklärung der Wirkmechanismen der Intervention sind limitiert. Zukünftige Studien sollten mithilfe subjektiver und objektiver Erhebungsinstrumente Effekte der Interventionen evaluieren und das gesamte Spektrum sitzenden Verhaltens berücksichtigen. Zur Fundierung des Forschungsfeldes wird eine theoriebasierte Planung empfohlen.

Abstract

Background and objectives

Sedentary behaviour is itself a health-related behaviour. This systematic review examines whether family-based interventions can reduce sitting time among children and adolescents and which variables moderate potential intervention effects.

Methods

Using a systematic literature search we identified family-based randomised controlled intervention studies that focus on sedentary behaviour in 3‑ to 18-year-old children and youth. The methodological quality of studies as well as the intervention effects according to different outcomes (screen-based vs. overall sitting) were analysed and evaluated for moderating effects.

Results

Of 29 studies, 17 reported significant effects and 11 studies showed positive trends for reduced sitting time. The content of interventions, the level of theoretical underpinning as well as the methodological quality of studies were heterogeneous. Most often, screen-based sitting and seldom overall sitting was examined. Concise characteristics of intervention success were not clearly apparent. The proportion of positive intervention effects was higher in reducing sitting in front of TVs compared to other outcomes. An analysis of moderators highlighted that intervention programs among pre-schoolers showed more often positive intervention effects.

Discussion

There are many promising opportunities to reduce sitting time using family-based approaches. Statements in terms of replication of interventions and explanations of the effective mechanisms within interventions are limited. Therefore, future interventions should use subjective as well as objective evaluation measures and consider overall sitting time. To strengthen the basis of interventional effort in this research field, a theoretical planning approach is recommended.

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Danksagung

Die vorliegende Publikation wurde ermöglicht durch eine Projektförderung des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Deutschland

    Jana Alfes &  Jens Bucksch

  2. Plattform Ernährung und Bewegung e. V., Berlin, Deutschland

    Katja Aue

  3. Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Professur für Sport- und Gesundheitspädagogik, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland

    Yolanda Demetriou

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  1. Jana Alfes
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  2. Jens Bucksch
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Correspondence to Jens Bucksch.

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Interessenkonflikt

J. Alfes, J. Bucksch, K. Aue und Y. Demetriou geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Jana Alfes und Jens Bucksch haben einen gleichwertigen Beitrag zu diesem Artikel geleistet.

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Alfes, J., Bucksch, J., Aue, K. et al. Reduzierung von Sitzzeiten bei Kindern – ein systematisches Review. Bundesgesundheitsbl 59, 1443–1451 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-016-2452-2

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