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Bioassay directed isolation of a novel anti-inflammatory cerebroside from the leaves of Aerva sanguinolenta

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Abstract

This paper attempts to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential and the possible mechanism of action of the leaf extracts and isolated compound(s) of Aerva sanguinolenta (Amaranthaceae), traditionally used in ailments related to inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract (ASE) was evaluated by acute, subacute and chronic models of inflammation, while a new cerebroside (‘trans’, ASE-1), isolated from the bioactive ASE and characterized spectroscopically, was tested by carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema and protein exudation model. To understand the underlying mechanism, we measured the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E2, along with the cytokines like tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukins(IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. The results revealed that ASE at 400 mg/kg caused significant reduction of rat paw oedema, granuloma and exudative inflammation, while the inhibition of mouse paw oedema and exudative inflammation by ASE-1 (20 mg/kg) was comparable to that of the standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Interestingly, both ASE and ASE-1 showed significant inhibition of the expressions of iNOS2 and COX-2, and the down-regulation of the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, via the inhibition of COX-2-mediated PGE2 release. Thus, our results validated the traditional use of A. sanguinolenta leaves in inflammation management.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. Basudeb Achari, former Emeritus Scientist, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, India, for extending cooperation in structure elucidation of the isolated compound.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Anurup Mandal, Asif Lalee, Sudipta Kaity, Mousumi Das & Amalesh Samanta

  2. ICMR virus unit, ID & BG Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India

    Durbadal Ojha & Debprasad Chattopadhyay

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  1. Anurup Mandal
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Correspondence to Debprasad Chattopadhyay or Amalesh Samanta.

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Mandal, A., Ojha, D., Lalee, A. et al. Bioassay directed isolation of a novel anti-inflammatory cerebroside from the leaves of Aerva sanguinolenta . Med Chem Res 24, 1952–1963 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-014-1261-0

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