Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Multiple Frequency Contrast Source Inversion Method for Vertical Electromagnetic Profiling: 2D Simulation Results and Analyses

  • Published:
Pure and Applied Geophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simultaneous multiple frequency contrast source inversion (CSI) method is applied to reconstructing hydrocarbon reservoir targets in a complex multilayered medium in two dimensions. It simulates the effects of a salt dome sedimentary formation in the context of reservoir monitoring. In this method, the stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (BCGS-FFT) algorithm is applied as a fast solver for the 2D volume integral equation for the forward computation. The inversion technique with CSI combines the efficient FFT algorithm to speed up the matrix–vector multiplication and the stable convergence of the simultaneous multiple frequency CSI in the iteration process. As a result, this method is capable of making quantitative conductivity image reconstruction effectively for large-scale electromagnetic oil exploration problems, including the vertical electromagnetic profiling (VEP) survey investigated here. A number of numerical examples have been demonstrated to validate the effectiveness and capacity of the simultaneous multiple frequency CSI method for a limited array view in VEP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Augustin, A. M., Kennedy, W. D., Morrison, H. F., Lee, K. H., 1989. A theoretical study of surface to borehole electromagnetic logging in cased holes. Geophyics, 54(1), 90–99.

  • Becher, A., Wang, B., Lee, K. H., Wilt, M., 1997. Subsurface electromagnetic measurement through steel casing. SEG, Expanded Abstract, SS2.6. 67th Annual International Meeting, pp. 1–21.

  • Bloemenkamp, R. F., Abubakar, A. A., van den Berg, P. M., 2001. Inversion of experimental multi-frequency data using the contrast source inversion method. Inv. Probl., 17, 1611–1622.

  • Chew, W. C., Lin, J. H., 1995. A frequency-hopping aproach for microwave imaging of large inhomogeneous bodies. IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett., 5, 439–441.

  • Crocco, L., Urso, M. D., Isernia, T., 2005. Testing the contrast source extended Born inversion method against real data: the TM case. Inv. Probl., 21, S33–S50.

  • Cuevas, N. H., 2014, Analytical solutions of EM fields due to a dipolar source inside an infinite casing, Geophysics, 79(5), E231–E241.

  • Galdi, V., Feng, H., Castanon, D. A., Karl, W. C., Felsen, L. B., 2003. Multifrequency subsurface sensing in the presence of a moderately rough air-soil interface via quasi-ray Gaussian beams. Radio Sci., 37(2), 1–12.

  • Gao, G., Alumbaugh, D., Zhang, P., Zhang, H., Levesque, C., Rosthal, R., Liu, J. G., Abubakar, A., Habashy, T., 2008, Prectical implications of nonlinear inversion for cross-well electromagnetic data collected in cased-wells, SEG Extended Abstract, pp. 299–303.

  • He, Z. X., Liu, X. J., Qiu, W. T., 2005. Mapping reservoir boundary by borehole-surface TFEM: Two case studies. Lead Edge, 24(9), 896–900.

  • He, Z. X., 2000. Progress and development trend of non-seismic techniques. Oil Geophys Prospect., 35(3), 354–360.

  • He, Z. X., Hu, W. B., Dong, W. B., 2010. Petroleum electromagnetic prospecting advances and case studies in China. Surv Geophys., 31, 207–224.

  • Hursan, G., Zhdanov, M. S., 2002. Contraction integral equation method in three-dimentional electromagnetic modeling. Radio Sci., 37, 1089–1093.

  • Kaufman, A. A., 1990. The electrical field in a borehole with a casing. Geophysics, 55(1), 29–38.

  • Li, F. H., Liu, Q. H., Song, L. P., 2004. Three-dimensional reconstruction of objects buried in layered media using Born and distorted Born iterative methods. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett., 1(2), 107–111.

  • Li, J. H., He, Z. X., 2012. Characteristic study of 3D modeling electrical response for vertical electromagnetic walkaway profile of surface-to-borehole for reservoir monitoring. Oil Geophys Prospect., 47(4), 653–664.

  • Li, J. H., He, Z. X., 2014a. Three-dimensional cross-well electromagnetic inversion using the least-square method. Oil Geophys Prospect, 49(3), 586–595.

  • Li, J. H., He, Z. X., 2014b. Simulation research of multi-azimuth vertical electromagnetic profile of surface to borehole technique—A new way of monitoring reservoir. Accepted by Applied Geophysics.

  • Li, J. H., Jia, Y., Liu, Q. H., He, Z. X., 2014c. A fast solver for vertical electromagnetic profiles of surface to borehole electromagnetic method (SBEM). SEG, Expanded Abstract, BG P1. 84th Annual International Meeting, pp. 628–632.

  • Marsala, A. F., Lyngra, S., Widjaja, D., Laota, A., Al-otaibi, N., He, Z., 2013, Fluid distribution inter-well mapping in multiple reservoirs by innovative borehole to surface electromagnetic: Survey design and field acquisition: International Petroleum Technology Conference, IPTC-17045.

  • Reis, D. D., Lambert, M., Lesselier, D., 2002. Eddy-current evaluation of three-dimensional defects in a metal plate. Inverse Problems, 18, 1857–1871.

  • Song, L. P., Liu, Q. H., 2005. Ground-penetrating radar land mine imaging: Two-dimensional seismic migration and three-dimensional inverse scattering in layered media. Radio Science, 40(1).

  • Song, L. P., Simsek, E., Liu, Q. H., 2005a. A fast 2D volume integral equation solver for scattering from inhomogeneous objects in layered media. Microwave Opt Technol Lett., 47, 128–134.

  • Song, L. P., Liu, Q. H., Li, F. H., Zhang, Z. Q., 2005b. Reconstruction of three-dimensional objects in layered media: Numerical experiments. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 53(4), 1556–1561.

  • Song, L. P., Yu, C., Liu, Q. H., 2005c. Through-Wall Imaging (TWI) by radar: 2-D tomographic results and analyses. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43(12), 2793–2798.

  • Uchida, T., Lee, K. H., Wilt, M. J., 1990. Effect of a steel casing on crosshole EM measurement. SEG, Expanded Abstract, EM2.6. 61th Annual International Meeting, pp. 442–445.

  • van den Berg, S. M., 2003. Modeling and Inverse of Pulsed Eddy Current Data. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Univ. Press, p 192.

  • van den Berg, P. M., Kleinman, R. E., 1997. A contrast source inversion method. Inv. Probl., 13, 1607–1620.

  • van den Berg, P. M., van Broehoven, A. L., Abubakar, A. A., 1999. Extended contrast source inversion. Inv. Probl., 15, 1325–1344.

  • Wu, X., Habashy, T. M., 1994. Influence of steel casing on electromagnetic signals. Geophysics, 59(3), 378–390.

  • Wilt, M. J., Alumbaugh, D. L., Morrison, H. F., Becker, A., Lee, K. H., Deszcz-Plan, M., 1995. Crosswell electromagnetic tomography: System design considerations and field results. Geophysics, 60(3), 871–885.

  • Xu, X. M., Liu, Q. H., The BCGS-FFT method for electromagnetic scattering from inhomogeneous objects in a layered medium. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat Lett 1, 77–80.

  • Yu, C., Song, L. P., Liu, Q. H., 2005. Inversion of multi-frequency experimental data for imaging complex objects by a DTA-CSI method. Inv. Probl., 21, S165–S178.

  • Zhang, J., 2001. Monitoring technique based on inter-well electric potential method. Seismol Geol., 23(2), 292–300.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Jinghe Li

  2. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Linping Song

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA

    Jinghe Li & Qing Huo Liu

Authors
  1. Jinghe Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Linping Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qing Huo Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jinghe Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, J., Song, L. & Liu, Q.H. Multiple Frequency Contrast Source Inversion Method for Vertical Electromagnetic Profiling: 2D Simulation Results and Analyses. Pure Appl. Geophys. 173, 607–621 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-015-1108-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-015-1108-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation