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Characterization of Cavities Using the GPR, LIDAR and GNSS Techniques

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Abstract

The study of the many types of natural and manmade cavities in different parts of the world is important to the fields of geology, geophysics, engineering, architectures, agriculture, heritages and landscape. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a noninvasive geodetection and geolocation technique suitable for accurately determining buried structures. This technique requires knowing the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves (EM velocity) in the medium. We propose a method for calibrating the EM velocity using the integration of laser imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) and GPR techniques using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as support for geolocation. Once the EM velocity is known and the GPR profiles have been properly processed and migrated, they will also show the hidden cavities and the old hidden structures from the cellar. In this article, we present a complete study of the joint use of the GPR, LIDAR and GNSS techniques in the characterization of cavities. We apply this methodology to study underground cavities in a group of wine cellars located in Atauta (Soria, Spain). The results serve to identify construction elements that form the cavity and group of cavities or cellars. The described methodology could be applied to other shallow underground structures with surface connection, where LIDAR and GPR profiles could be joined, as, for example, in archaeological cavities, sewerage systems, drainpipes, etc.

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Acknowledgments

The research in this work is part of the research and development project financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (2008), “The underground construction wine cellar. Construction eco-systems for quality wines” (BIA2004-03266). The authors would like to thank Topcon Positioning Spain for both their help with hardware and support for this work. This study could not have been done without the cooperation of the municipality of Atauta, Spain, and its mayor. The authors’ work has also been sponsored by the International Campus of Excellence CEI-Moncloa. We also thank the editor, Francisco Luzón, two anonymous reviewers for their many suggestions to improve the manuscript, and Pru Brooke-Turner for revising the English version of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Expresión Gráfica, EUIT Agrícola, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Miguel Angel Conejo-Martín, Tomás Ramón Herrero-Tejedor & Enrique Perez-Martin

  2. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, ETSI de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Javier Lapazaran & Jaime Otero

  3. Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía, ETSI Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Carretera de Valencia, km 7, 28031, Madrid, Spain

    Juan F. Prieto & Jesús Velasco

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  1. Miguel Angel Conejo-Martín
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Correspondence to Tomás Ramón Herrero-Tejedor.

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Conejo-Martín, M.A., Herrero-Tejedor, T.R., Lapazaran, J. et al. Characterization of Cavities Using the GPR, LIDAR and GNSS Techniques. Pure Appl. Geophys. 172, 3123–3137 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0985-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0985-6

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