Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Perchlorate in der Nahrungskette: Herkunft, Umweltverhalten und Toxikologie

  • Review article
  • Published:
Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Hintergrund

Anlass dieses Reviews sind die im Laufe des Jahres 2013 veröffentlichten Perchloratfunde in Obst und Gemüse, die zu Spekulationen hinsichtlich der Quelle dieser Kontaminationen geführt haben. Landwirtschaftliche Düngung gerät häufig unter Verdacht, Verursacher solcher Lebensmittelkontaminationen zu sein. Die von der QS Fachgesellschaft Obst-Gemüse-Kartoffeln GmbH zusammengetragenen Daten wiesen auch Angaben zu Düngemitteln auf. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst den derzeitigen Kenntnisstand zu Eintragspfaden in die Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und damit letztlich in die Nahrungskette des Menschen zusammen. Eingangs wird die Perchloratanalytik im Wandel der Zeit und die damit einhergehenden niedrigeren Nachweisgrenzen beleuchtet, um die im Folgenden diskutierten Kontaminationen besser beurteilen zu können. Lebensmittelbelastungen mit Perchlorat sind für den Verbraucher schwer einzuschätzen. Zum besseren Verständnis werden daher auch humantoxikologische Aspekte, die derzeit geltenden maximal tolerierbaren Aufnahmemengen und die Notwendigkeit, Perchloratgrenzwerte für Lebensmittel und Trinkwasser festzulegen, diskutiert.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1

Literatur

  • Backus SM, Klawuun P, Brown S, D’sa I, Sharp S, Surette C, Williams DJ (2005) Determination of perchlorate in selected surface waters in the Great Lakes Basin by HPLC/MS/MS. Chemosphere 61(6):834–843. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barron L, Nesterenko PN, Paull B (2006) Rapid on-line preconcentration and suppressed micro-bore ion chromatography of part per trillion levels of perchlorate in rainwater samples. Analytica Chimica Acta 567(1):127–134. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.038

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BfR (2013) Empfehlung des BfR zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Perchlorat-Rückständen in Lebensmitteln. http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/empfehlung-des-bfr-zur-gesundheitlichen-bewertung-von-perchlorat-rueckstaenden-in-lebensmitteln.pdf. Accessed 01 08 2013

  • Blount BC, Valentin-Blasini L (2006) Analysis of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate and iodide in human amniotic fluid using ion chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 567(1):87–93. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blount BC, Özpinar A, Alwis KU, Caudill SP, Gillespie JR (2008) Perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate, and iodide levels in chicken feed, water, and eggs from three farms. J Agr Food Chem 56(22):10709–10715. doi:10.1021/jf8018326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Böhlke JK, Hatzinger PB, Sturchio NC, Gu BH, Abbene I, Mroczkowski SJ (2009) Atacama perchlorate as an agricultural contaminant in groundwater: isotopic and chronologic evidence from Long Island, New York. Environ Sci Technol 43(15):5619–5625. doi:10.1021/es9006433

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta PK, Martinelango PK, Jackson WA, Anderson TA, Tian K, Tock RW, Rajagopalan S (2005) The origin of naturally occurring perchlorate: the role of atmospheric processes. Environ Sci Technol 39(6):1569–1575. doi:10.1021/es048612x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta PK, Kirk AB, Dyke JV, Ohira S-I (2008) Intake of iodine and perchlorate and excretion in human milk. Environ Sci Technol 42(21):8115–8121. doi:10.1021/es801549w

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Destatis (2012) Produzierendes Gewerbe - Düngemittelversorgung, Wirtschaftsjahr 2011/2012. Fachserie 4 Reihe 8.2

  • Dodds ED, Kennish JM, von Hippel FA, Bernhardt R, Hines ME (2004) Quantitative analysis of perchlorate in extracts of whole fish homogenates by ion chromatography: comparison of suppressed conductivity detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 379(5–6):881–887. doi:10.1007/s00216-004-2660-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dohan O, Portulano C, Basquin C, Reyna-Neyra A, Amzel LM, Carrasco N (2007) The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) mediates electroneutral active transport of the environmental pollutant perchlorate. Proc Natl Acad Sci US Am 104(51):20250–20255. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707207104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan PB, Morrison RD, Vavricka E (2005) Forensic identification of anthropogenic and naturally occurring sources of perchlorate. Environ Forensics 6(2):205–215. doi:10.1080/15275920590952883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dyke JV, Ito K, Obitsu T, Hisamatsu Y, Dasgupta PK, Blount BC (2006) Perchlorate in dairy milk. Comparison of Japan versus the United States. Environ Sci Technol 41(1):88–92. doi:10.1021/es061429e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Aribi H, Le Blanc YJC, Antonsen S, Sakuma T (2006) Analysis of perchlorate in foods and beverages by ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS). Anal Chim Acta 567(1):39–47. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.012

  • Ellington JJ, Evans JJ (2000) Determination of perchlorate at parts-per-billion levels in plants by ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 898(2):193–199. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00842-6

  • Furdui VI, Tomassini F (2009) Trends and sources of perchlorate in arctic snow. Environ Sci Technol 44(2):588–592. doi:10.1021/es902243b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greer MA, Goodman G, Pleus RC, Greer SE (2002) Health effects assessment for environmental perchlorate contamination: the dose response for inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake in humans. Environ Health Perspect 110(9):927–937

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gullick RW, Lechevallier MW, Barhorst TS (2001) Occurrence of perchlorate in drinking water sources. J Am Water Works Assoc 93:66–77

  • Hepperle J, Wolheim A, Kolberg D, Wildgrube C, Kaufmann-Horlacher I, Anastassiades M, Scherbaum E (2013) Analysis of perchlorate in food samples of plant origin applying the QuPPe-method and LC-MS-MS. Asp Food Control Animal Health 2:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Her N, Kim J, Yoon Y (2010) Perchlorate in dairy milk and milk-based powdered infant formula in South Korea. Chemosphere 81(6):732–737. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.031

  • Her N, Jeong H, Kim J, Yoon Y (2011) Occurrence of perchlorate in drinking water and seawater in South Korea. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 61(2):166–172. doi:10.1007/s00244-010-9616-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter WJ (2001) Perchlorate is not a common contaminant of fertilizers. J Agron Crop Sci 187(3):203–206. doi:10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00519.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson PE, Thomas D, Chassaniol K (2004a) Environmental analysis of inorganic anions and perchlorate by ion chromatography. In: Hall WL, Robarge WP (eds) Environmental impact of fertilizer on soil and water, vol 872. Acs Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 3–15

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson WA, Joseph P, Laxman P, Tan K, Smith PN, Yu L, Anderson TA (2004b) Perchlorate accumulation in forage and edible vegetation. J Agr Food Chem 53(2):369–373. doi:10.1021/jf0493021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson WA, Kumar Anandam S, Anderson T, Lehman T, Rainwater K, Rajagopalan S, Ridley M, Tock R (2005) Perchlorate occurrence in the Texas Southern high plains aquifer system. Ground Water Monit Remediat 25(1):137–149. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0009.x

  • Jackson WA, Böhlke JK, Gu B, Hatzinger PB, Sturchio NC (2010) Isotopic composition and origin of indigenous natural perchlorate and co-occurring nitrate in the Southwestern United States. Environ Sci Technol 44(13):4869–4876. doi:10.1021/es903802j

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JECFA (2010) Evaluation of certain contaminants in food—Seventy-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series 959

  • Kirk AB, Martinelango PK, Tian K, Dutta A, Smith EE, Dasgupta PK (2005) Perchlorate and iodide in dairy and breast milk. Environ Sci Technol 39(7):2011–2017. doi:10.1021/es048118t

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kosaka K, Asami M, Matsuoka Y, Kamoshita M, Kunikane S (2007) Occurrence of perchlorate in drinking water sources of metropolitan area in Japan. Water Res 41(15):3474–3482. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kounaves SP, Stroble ST, Anderson RM, Moore Q, Catling DC, Douglas S, McKay CP, Ming DW, Smith PH, Tamppari LK, Zent AP (2010) Discovery of natural perchlorate in the antarctic dry valleys and its global implications. Environ Sci Technol 44(7):2360–2364. doi:10.1021/es9033606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krynitsky AJ, Niemann RA, Nortrup DA (2004) Determination of perchlorate anion in foods by ion chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 76(18):5518–5522. doi:10.1021/ac049281+

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lau FK, deCastro BR, Mills-Herring L, Tao L, Valentin-Blasini L, Alwis KU, Blount BC (2013) Urinary perchlorate as a measure of dietary and drinking water exposure in a representative sample of the United States population 2001–2008. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 23(2):207–214. doi:10.1038/jes.2012.108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J-W, Oh S-H, Oh J-E (2012) Monitoring of perchlorate in diverse foods and its estimated dietary exposure for Korea populations. J Hazard Mater 243:52–58. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.037

  • Makart S, Jensen D (2012) Wertvolles Nass - Automatisierung in der Ionenchromatografie. Labor More 7:68–71

  • Martinelango PK, Tian K, Dasgupta PK (2006) Perchlorate in seawater—bioconcentration of iodide and perchlorate by various seaweed species. Anal Chim Acta 567(1):100–107. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.015

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin CL, Blake S, Hall T, Harman M, Kanda R, Hunt J, Rumsby PC (2011) Perchlorate in raw and drinking water sources in England and Wales. Water Environ J 25(4):456–465. doi:10.1111/j.1747-6593.2010.00237.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motzer WE (2001) Perchlorate: problems, detection, and solutions. Environ Forensics 2(4):301–311. doi:10.1006/enfo.2001.0059

  • Munster J, Hanson G, Jackson WA, Rajagopalan S (2009) The fallout from fireworks: perchlorate in total deposition. Water Air Soil Pollut 198(1–4):149–153. doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9833-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel T, Reetz J (2014) Fundaufklärung Perchlorat Abschlussbericht. Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg (LTZ), Karlsruhe

  • Nzengung VA, Wang C, Harvey G (1999) Plant-mediated transformation of perchlorate into chloride. Environ Sci Technol 33(9):1470–1478. doi:10.1021/es981234+

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Kinlaw WB, Wong NCW, Freake HC (1987) Advances in our understanding of thyroid-hormone action at the cellular-level. Endocr Rev 8(3):288–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orris GJ, Harvey GJ, Tsui DT, Eldrige JE (2003) Preliminary analysis for perchlorate in selected natural materials and their derivate products. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. http://www.denix.osd.mil/edqw/upload/USGSPERCHLORATEFERTREPORT.PDF. Accessed 1 Aug 2013

  • Otero-Santos SM, Delinsky AD, Valentin-Blasini L, Schiffer J, Blount BC (2009) Analysis of perchlorate in dried blood spots using ion chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 81(5):1931–1936. doi:10.1021/ac802419n

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parker DR, Seyfferth AL, Reese BK (2008) Perchlorate in groundwater: a synoptic survey of “pristine” sites in the coterminous United States. Environ Sci Technol 42(5):1465–1471. doi:10.1021/es7021957

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington JC, Jenkins TF, Ampleman G, Thiboutot S, Hewitt AD, Brochu S, Robb J, Diaz E, Lewis J, Colby H, Martel R, Poe K, Groff K, Bjella KL, Ramsey CA, Hayes CA, Yost S, Marois A, Gagnon A, Silverblatt B, Crutcher T, Harriz K, Heisen K, Bigl SR, Berry TE, Muzzin J, Lambert DJ, Bishop MJ, Rice B, Wojtas M, Walsh ME, Walsh MR, Taylor S (2006) Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges: interim report 6. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Arlington, VA, USA

  • Pichtel J (2012) Distribution and fate of military explosives and propellants in soil: a review. Appl Environ Soil Sci 2012:33. doi:10.1155/2012/617236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer LN, Böhlke JK, Doughten MW (2006) Perchlorate in Pleistocene and Holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico. Environ Sci Technol 40(6):1757–1763. doi:10.1021/es051739h

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raj JRA, Muruganandam L (2012) Effect of perchlorate on seed germination and root elongation of plant systems: a phytotoxic approach. Int J Chem Sci 10(3):1350–1364

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopalan S, Anderson TA, Fahlquist L, Rainwater KA, Ridley M, Jackson WA (2006) Widespread presence of naturally occurring perchlorate in high plains of Texas and New Mexico. Environ Sci Technol 40(10):3156–3162. doi:10.1021/es052155i

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopalan S, Anderson T, Cox S, Harvey G, Cheng Q, Jackson WA (2008) Perchlorate in wet deposition across North America. Environ Sci Technol 43(3):616–622. doi:10.1021/es801737u

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao B, Anderson TA, Orris GJ, Rainwater KA, Rajagopalan S, Sandvig RM, Scanlon BR, Stonestrom DA, Walvoord MA, Jackson WA (2007) Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the Southwest United States. Environ Sci Technol 41(13):4522–4528. doi:10.1021/es062853i

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rikken GB, Kroon AGM, van Ginkel CG (1996) Transformation of (per)chlorate into chloride by a newly isolated bacterium: reduction and dismutation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 45(3):420–426. doi:10.1007/s002530050707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roehl R, Slingsby R, Avdalovic N, Jackson PE (2002) Applications of ion chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometric detection to the determination of environmental contaminants in water. J Chromatogr A 956(1–2):245–254. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00041-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rovet JF (2002) Congenital hypothyroidism: an analysis of persisting deficits and associated factors. Child Neuropsychol 8(3):150–162. doi:10.1076/chin.8.3.150.13501

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez CA, Crump KS, Krieger RI, Khandaker NR, Gibbs JP (2005) Perchlorate and nitrate in leafy vegetables of North America. Environ Sci Technol 39(24):9391–9397. doi:10.1021/es050804k

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez CA, Blount BC, Valentin-Blasini L, Lesch SM, Krieger RI (2008) Perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum of the southwestern United States. J Agr Food Chem 56(13):5443–5450. doi:10.1021/Jf0733923

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon BR, Reedy RC, Jackson WA, Rao B (2008) Mobilization of naturally occurring perchlorate related to land-use change in the southern high plains, Texas. Environ Sci Technol 42(23):8648–8653. doi:10.1021/es800361h

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheytt TJ, Freywald J, Ptacek CJ (2011) Untersuchung ausgewählter Oberflächen-, Grund- und Bodenwasserproben auf Perchlorat in Deutschland: Erste Ergebnisse. Grundwasser 16(1):37–43. doi:10.1007/s00767-010-0159-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seyfferth AL, Parker DR (2006) Determination of low levels of perchlorate in lettuce and spinach using ion chromatography—electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS). J Agr Food Chem 54(6):2012–2017. doi:10.1021/jf052897v

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y, Zhang P, Wang Y, Shi J, Cai Y, Mou S, Jiang G (2007) Perchlorate in sewage sludge, rice, bottled water and milk collected from different areas in China. Environment International 33(7):955-962. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.05.007

  • Snyder SA, Vanderford BJ, Rexing DJ (2005) Trace analysis of bromate, chlorate, iodate, and perchlorate in natural and bottled waters. Environ Sci Technol 39(12):4586–4593. doi:10.1021/es047935q

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder SA, Pleus RC, Vanderford BJ, Holady JC (2006) Perchlorate and chlorate in dietary supplements and flavor enhancing ingredients. Anal Chim Acta 567(1):26–32. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.029

  • Susarla S, Collette TW, Garrison AW, Wolfe NL, McCutcheon SC (1999) Perchlorate identification in fertilizers. Environ Sci Technol 33(19):3469–3472. doi:10.1021/es990577k

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Susarla S, Collette TW, Garrison AW, Wolfe NL, McCutcheon SC (2000) Response to comment on “perchlorate identification in fertilizers” and the subsequent addition/correction. Environ Sci Technol 34(20):4454–4454. doi:10.1021/es0020097

  • Tan K, Anderson TA, Jones MW, Smith PN, Jackson WA (2004) Accumulation of perchlorate in aquatic and terrestrial plants at a field scale. J Environ Qual 33(5):1638–1646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tikkanen MW (2006) Development of a drinking water regulation for perchlorate in California. Anal Chim Acta 567(1):20–25. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.087

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tipton DK, Rolston DE, Scow KM (2003) Transport and biodegradation of perchlorate in soils. J Environ Qual 32(1):40–46. doi:10.2134/jeq2003.4000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tonacchera M, Pinchera A, Dimida A, Ferrarini E, Agretti P, Vitti P, Santini F, Crump K, Gibbs J (2004) Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. Thyroid 14(12):1012–1019. doi:10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tran N, Valentin-Blasini L, Blount BC, McCuistion CG, Fenton MS, Gin E, Salem A, Hershman JM (2008) Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases active transport of perchlorate into thyroid cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294(4):E802–E806. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00013.2008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trumpolt CW, Crain M, Cullison GD, Flanagan SJP, Siegel L, Lathrop S (2005) Perchlorate: sources, uses, and occurrences in the environment. Remediat J 16(1):65–89. doi:10.1002/rem.20071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UBA (2003) Integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung (IVU)—Referenzdokument über die besten verfügbaren Techniken in der Textilindustrie

  • Urbansky ET (2002) Perchlorate as an environmental contaminant. Environ Sci Pollut Res 9(3):187–192. doi:10.1065/espr2002.05.117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urbansky ET, Brown SK (2003) Perchlorate retention and mobility in soils. J Environ Monit 5(3):455–462. doi:10.1039/b301125a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urbansky ET, Gu BH, Magnuson ML, Brown GM, Kelty CA (2000) Survey of bottled waters for perchlorate by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ion chromatography (IC). J Sci Food Agricult 80(12):1798–1804. doi:10.1002/1097-0010(20000915)80:12<1798:aid-jsfa723>3.0.co;2-j

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urbansky ET, Brown SK, Magnuson ML, Kelty CA (2001a) Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived from Chilean caliche. Environ Pollut 112(3):299–302. doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00132-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urbansky ET, Collette TW, Robarge WP, Hall WL, Skillen JM, Kane PF (2001b) Survey of fertilizers and related materials for perchlorate (ClO4 –). Final report of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/em/b1/b105282a/report2.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2013

  • Valentín-Blasini L, Mauldin JP, Maple D, Blount BC (2005) Analysis of perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77(8):2475–2481. doi:10.1021/ac048365f

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner HP, Pepich BV, Pohl C, Later D, Joyce R, Srinivasan K, DeBorba B, Thomas D, Woodruff A, Munch DJ (2005) Method 314.1—determination of perchlorate in drinking water using inline column concentration/matrix elimination ion chromatography with suppressed conductive detection Technical Support Center, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, U.S. Envrionmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio

  • Wagner HP, Pepich BV, Pohl C, Later D, Joyce R, Srinivasan K, DeBorba B, Thomas D, Woodruff A, Munch DJ, Lin R (2008) Method 314.2—determination of perchlorate in drinking water using two-dimensional ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. Technical Support Center, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio

  • Wang Z, Forsyth D, Lau BPY, Pelletier L, Bronson R, Gaertner D (2009) Estimated dietary exposure of Canadians to perchlorate through the consumption of fruits and vegetables available in Ottawa markets. J Agr Food Chem 57(19):9250–9255. doi:10.1021/jf901910x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkin RT, Fine DD, Burnett NG (2007) Perchlorate behavior in a municipal lake following fireworks displays. Environ Sci Technol 41(11):3966–3971. doi:10.1021/es0700698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler P, Minteer M, Willey J (2003) Analysis of perchlorate in water and soil by electrospray LC/MS/MS. Anal Chem 76(2):469–473. doi:10.1021/ac034618d

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff J (1998) Perchlorate and the thyroid gland. Pharmacol Rev 50(1):89–106

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu JL, Song YU, Min BK, Steinberg L, Logan BE (2003) Microbial degradation of perchlorate: principles and applications. Environ Eng Sci 20(5):405–422. doi:10.1089/109287503768335904

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang M, Her N (2011) Perchlorate in soybean sprouts (Glycine max L. Merr.), water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.), and lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Root in South Korea. J Agr Food Chem 59(13):7490–7495. doi:10.1021/jf2009638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu L, Canas JE, Cobb GP, Jackson WA, Anderson TA (2004) Uptake of perchlorate in terrestrial plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 58(1):44–49. doi:10.1016/s0147-6513(03)00108-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang T, Wu Q, Sun HW, Rao J, Kannan K (2010) Perchlorate and iodide in whole blood samples from infants, children, and adults in Nanchang, China. Environ Sci Technol 44(18):6947–6953. doi:10.1021/es101354g

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany

    Elke Bloem & Kerstin Panten

Authors
  1. Elke Bloem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kerstin Panten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elke Bloem.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bloem, E., Panten, K. Perchlorate in der Nahrungskette: Herkunft, Umweltverhalten und Toxikologie. J. Verbr. Lebensm. 9, 333–344 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-014-0877-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-014-0877-9

Stichwörter

Search

Navigation