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Efficacy evaluation of plant powders from Cameroon as post-harvest grain protectants against the infestation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit verschiedener Pflanzenpulver aus Kamerun als Vorratsschutzmittel gegen den Befall mit Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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Abstract

Dried, powdered leaves of four plant species (Eucalyptus saligna, Lippia adoensis, Plectranthus glandulosus and Stegan-otaenia araliacea), collected in the Adamawa province of Cameroon, were tested under laboratory conditions for their ability to protect stored maize from attack by Sitophilus zea-mais Motschulsky. The grains were admixed with the powders at four rates (5, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg) for the assessment of mortality over a 32-day period, as well as for F1 progeny production, population increase and damage evaluation. Weevil mortality generally increased over time for all the plant powders and at all content levels. A maximum of 100% mortality was recorded for P. g l a n d u l o s u s at contents of 20 g/kg and 40 g/kg, for 16 and 32 days post exposure, respectively. Sixteen-day LC50s were 8.6 g/kg for P. glandulosus and 17.2 g/kg for S. araliacea. E. saligna achieved 56% mortality at the highest content after 32 days post exposure, while maximum mortality for L. adoensis was 19%. But for L. adoensis, the powders considerably reduced F1 progeny production, population increase and grain damage, with complete protection of the grains provided only by P. glandulosus at contents of 10 g/kg or higher. These results suggest that powdered leaves of P. glandulosus and S. araliacea may be of high value in grain storage against S. zeamais, especially in subsistence agriculture where the plants are locally available to farmers with little resources to meet the high cost of pesticides.

Zusammenfassung

Getrocknete, gemahlene Blätter vier verschiedener Pflanzenarten (Eucalyptus saligna, Lippia adoensis, Plectranthus glandulosus and Steganotaenia araliacea) aus der Adamawa-Provinz Kameruns wurden unter Laborbedingungen auf ihre Fähigkeit untersucht, gelagerten Mais vor dem Befall durch den Maiskäfer Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky zu schützen. Die Blattpulver wurden den Maiskörnern in vier Dosierungen zugesetzt (5, 10, 20 und 40 g/kg) und dann für bis zu 32 Tagen Einwirkzeit getestet, um Mortalitätsraten, die Anzahl der F1-Nachfolgegeneration, die Vermehrungsrate innerhalb von drei Monaten und die Schäden an den Körnern zu bestimmen. Im Allgemeinen nahm die Sterblichkeit der Käfer mit zunehmender Einwirkzeit und Dosis zu. Einhundert % Mortalität wurden bei Zugabe von 20 g/kg und 40 g/kg P. glandulosus und einer Einwirkzeit von 16 bzw. 32 Tagen erreicht. Die LC50-Werte bei 16 Tagen Einwirkzeit betrugen 8,6 g/kg für P. glandulosus und 17,2 g/kg für S. araliacea. Die höchste Dosierung von E. saligna erzielte eine Mortalität von 56% nach 32 Tagen, L. adoensis 19%. Trotzdem reduzierte ein Zusatz von L. adoensis deutlich die Vermehrungsrate der Käfer. Eine vollständige Hemmung der Entwicklung von Nachkommenschaft wurde durch Gehalte von mindestens 10 g/kg P. glandulosus erreicht. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass gemahlene Blätter von P. glandulosus und S. araliacea zum Schutz vor S. zeamais von hohem Wert sein könnten, speziell im tropischen Subsistenzanbau, wo die Pflanzen den Landwirten zur Verfügung stehen, die Möglichkeiten zum Einsatz konventioneller Pflanzenschutzverfahren aber eingeschränkt sind.

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Nukenine, E.N., Adler, C. & Reichmuth, C. Efficacy evaluation of plant powders from Cameroon as post-harvest grain protectants against the infestation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Plant Dis Prot 114, 30–36 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356201

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