Abstract
The toxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by fungi ofAspergillus orPenicillium genera is now well documented. Its nephrotoxicity, immunosuppression, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity have been widely studied. Physical and biochemical methods have been studied to prevent these toxinogenicAspergillus andPenicillium from producing OTA, and/or to destroy the mycotoxin when already produced in a liquid or a solid medium. Repeated freezing at − 20†C and thawing at + 26†C aleatory reduce OTA production in a liquid medium. Exposure to UV B for different periods of time is efficient in preventing OTA production in a liquid medium. Gamma-irradiation from 2 to 5 kGy gives good results in preventing the production of OTA or destroying it when already produced. Carboxypeptidase is very efficient at 5 units/50 ml in a liquid medium for cleaving the OTA already produced.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Van Der Merwe KJ, Steyn P, Fourie L, Scott DB and Theron JJ 1965) Ochratoxin A, a toxic metabolite produced byAspergillus ochraceus Wilh. Nature, 205:1112–1113
Kuiper-Goodman T and Scott PM (1989) Risk assessment of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Biomed Environ Sci 2:179–248.
Pohland AE, Neisheim S, Friedman L (1992) Ochratoxin A: a review. Pure Appl. Chem 64: (7) 1029–1046
Bach PH and Bartsch H (1993) Fungal toxins and health. TiPS 14:424–426
Krogh P (1987) Ochratoxins in food. In Mycotoxins in Food, ed by P. Krogh 97–121. Academic Press, New York
Delacruz L and Bach PH (1990) The role of ochratoxin A metabolism and biochemistry in animal and human nephrotoxicity. J Biopharm Sci 1:(3), 277–304
Creppy EE, Stornier FC, Röschenthaler R, Dirheimer (1983) Effects of two metabolites of ochratoxin A (4R) -4-hydroxy ochratoxin A and ochratoxin α, on the immune response in mice. Infect Immun 39:1015–1018
Haubeck HD, Lorkowski G, Kölsch E, Röschenthaler R (1981) Immunosuppression by ochratoxin A and its prevention by phenylalanine. Appl Environ Microbiol 41:1040–1042
Arora RG and Fröhlen H (1981) Interference of mycotoxins with prenatal development in the mouse. Ochratoxin A induced teratogenic effects in relation to the dose and stage of gestation. Acta Vet Scand 22:535–552
Mayura K, Parker R, Berndt WO and Philips TD (1984) Ochratoxin A induced teratogenesis in rats: partial protection by phenylalanine. Appl Environ Microbiol 48: 1186–1188
Hennig A, Fink-Gremmels J and Leistner L (1991) Mutagenicity and effects of ochratoxin A on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange after metabolic activation. In Mycotoxin, endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumours. IARC Scientific publications No 115, M. Castegnaro, R. Plestina, G. Dirheimer, I.N. Chernozemsky and H. Bartsch eds, Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer 255–260
Malaveille C, Brun G and Bartsch H (1991) Genotoxicity of ochratoxin A and structurally related compounds in Escherichia coli strains: studies on their mode of action. In Mycotoxin, endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumours. IARC Scientific publications No 115, M. Castegnaro, R. Plestina, G. Dirheimer, I.N. Chernozemsky and H. Bartsch eds, Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer 261–266
Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Grosse Y, Kane A, Creppy EE and Dirheimer G (1994) Genotoxicity and DNA binding of ochratoxin A, a ubiquitous mycotoxin found in food and feed. In Metabolism of xenobiotics and clinical pharmacology, HJ Dengler and E Mutschier eds, Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart, Jena, New York pp 51–63
NTP (1988), NTP Technical report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis studies of ochratoxin A (CAS no 303-47-9) in F344/N rats (gavage studies) G. Boorman ed., NIH Publications No 88-2813, U.S. Department of Health and Human services, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
Hadidane R, Bacha H, Creppy EE, Hammami M, Ellouze F and Dirheimer G (1992) Isolation and structure determination of natural analogues of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A produced byAspergillus ochraceus. Toxicology 76: 233–243
Pitout M.J. (1969a) The hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by some proteolytic enzymes.. Biochem. Pharmacol. 18, 485–491.
Pitout M.J. (1969b) A rapid spectrophotometric method for the assay of carboxypeptidase A. Biochem. Pharmacol. 18, 1829–1936.
Speijers GJA and Van Egmond HP (1993) Worldwide ochratoxin A levels in food and feeds. In Human ochratoxicosis and its pathologies ed by E.E.Creppy, M. Castegnaro, G. Dirheimer, Colloque INSERM/ John Libbey Eurotext Ltd 231:85–100
Bouraïma Y, Ayi-Fanou L, Kora I, Setondji J, Sanni A and Creppy EE, Mise en évidence de la contamination des céréales par les aflatoxines et l'ochratoxine A au Bénin. In Human ochratoxicosis and its pathologies ed. by E.E.Creppy, M. Castegnaro, G. Dirheimer, Colloque INSERM/ John Libbey Eurotext Ltd 231:101–110
Breitholtz A, Olsen M, Dalback A, Hult K (1991) Plasma ochratoxin A levels in three Swedish populations surveyed using an ion-pair HPLC technique. Fd Addit Cont 8:2, 183–187
Bauer J Gareis M (1987) Ochratoxin A in der Nahrungsmittelkette. ZVetB 34:613–627
Hult K, Plestina R, Habazin-Novak V, Radic B and Ceovic S (1982) Ochratoxin A in human blood and Balkan endemic nephropathy. Arch Toxicol 51: 313–321
Creppy EE, Castegnaro M, Grosse Y, Mériaux J, Manier C, Moncharmont P, Waller C et coll (1993) Etude de l'ochratoxicose humaine dans trois régions de France: Alsace, Aquitaine et Rhône-Alpes In Human ochratoxicosis and its pathologies ed. by E. E. Creppy, M. Castegnaro, G. Dirheimer, Colloque INSERM/ John Libbey Eurotext Ltd 231:147–158
Aziz NH, Refaï M and El-Far F (1989) Gamma irradiation and potassium sorbate in the control of growth and ochratoxin production byAspergillus ochraceus. J Egypt Vet Med Ass 49 3: 951–961
Chelack WS, Borsa J, Marquardt RR and Frölich AA (1991) Role of the competitive microbial flora in the radiation-induced enhancement of ochratoxin production byAspergillus alutaceus var. alutaceus NRRL 3174. Appl. Environ Microbiol 29:2492–2496
Cuero RG, Smith JE and Lacey J (1986) The influence of gamma irradiation and sodium hypochlorite sterilization on maize seed mycoflora and germination. Food Microbiol 3:107–114
Paster N, Barkai-Golan R and Padova R (1986) Heat and gamma irradiation effects on ochratoxin production byAspergillus ochraceus sclerotia. Trans Br Mycol Soc 87, (2):223–228
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deberghes, P., Betbeder, A.M., Boisard, F. et al. Detoxification of ochratoxin A, a food contaminant: Prevention of growth of Aspergillus ochraceus and its production of ochratoxin A. Mycotox Res 11, 37–47 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03192060
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03192060