Skip to main content
Log in

Mothering young children: Child care, stress and social life

  • Published:
European Journal of Psychology of Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study focuses on mothers’ and young children’s everyday social experience by analyzing their social relationships, social support in child care, mother-child interaction, and mothers’ evaluations of all these aspects. Three hundred and eighty-four mothers with a child aged between I and 3 years, living in a city in Central Italy, were interviewed. A Principal Components Analysis was performed on items concerning mothers’ and children’s social experience and mothers’ evaluations. Four PCA generated factors were regressed on the mother’s and Four PCA generated factors were regressed on the mother’s and child’s characteristics. Results show that, even in a context characterized by social conditions supportive to mothering, there is a comparatively widespread desire for social interaction with other mothers and children. A stress related to intensive mothering was found in a minority of the mothers and was predicted by the mothers’ continuous commitment in child care during the whole day. Results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that social contacts with other mothers may have a mitigating effect on mothers’ stress. One implication is that early educational services that provide the opportunity for social intercourse among parents can be an important resource for them.

Résumé

Cette étude est centrée sur l’expérience sociale dès mères avec leurs petits enfants dans la vie quotidienne. On analyse leurs relations sociales, l’aide reçu dans les soins de l’enfant, leurs interactions avec leur enfant ainsi que leurs évaluations de tous ces aspects. On a interviewé 384 mères d’enfants âgés entre 1 et 3 ans, rèsidant dans une ville de l’Italie Centrale. Les résultats montrent que même dans un contexte social favorable on retrouve très fréquemment chez les mères le désir d’interactions sociales avec d’autres mères et enfants. On retrouve aussi chez une minorité de mères l’expression d’un certain stress concernant leur maternage intensif; ce stress pouvant être attribué à leur engagement continu, dans le soin de l’enfant pendant toute la journée. On discute les résultats par rapport à l’hypothèse que les rapports sociaux avec d’autres mères de jeunes enfants puissent atténuer le stress des mères. Une conséquence importante en serait que les services éducatifs pour la petite enfance, qui offrent l’occasion aux parents de se retrouver, entre eux, puissent constituer une ressource importante.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arendell, T. (2000). Conceiving and investigating motherhood: The decade’s scholarship.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1192–1207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model.Child Development, 55, 83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, J. (1990). Parental and nonparental child care and children’s socioemotional development: A decade in review.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 885–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, S.M., & Robinson, J. (1997). What did you do today? Children’s use of time, family composition, and the acquisition of social capital.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 332–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bimbi, F. (1992). Parenthood in Italy: Asymmetric relationships and family affection. In U. Björnberg (Ed.),European parents in the 1990s (pp. 141–154). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, W.K., & Zick, C.D. (1996). An examination of parent-child shared time.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 227–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2001).Quantitative data analysis with SPSS release 10 for Windows: A guide for social scientists. Hove: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budini Gattai, F., & Musatti, T. (1999). Grandmothers’ involvement in grandchildren’s care: Attitudes, feelings, and emotions.Family Relations, 48, 35–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, M.M., & Brassard, J.A. (1979). Child development and personal social networks.Child Development, 50, 601–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, C.P., & Cowan, P.A. (1995). Interventions to ease the transition to parenthood: Why they are needed and what they can do.Family Relations, 44, 412–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crisci, M., Fasano, A., & Gesano, G. (2002). Population and welfare in the European Union.Demotrends, 2, 4–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demo, D.H., & Cox, M.J. (2000). Families with young children: A review of research in the 1990s.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 876–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolto, F. (1981). La Boutique verte: Histoire d’un lieu de rencontres et d’échanges entre adultes et enfants. In F. Dolto, D. Rapoport, & B. This (Eds.)Enfants en souffrance (pp. 137–156). Paris: Stock/Laurence Pernoud.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC Childcare Network (1990).Mothers, fathers and employment No. V/1653/90-EN). Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eme, B. (1993). Des structures intermédiaires en emergence. Les lieux d’accueil enfants parents de quartier. CRIDALSCI/CDC, Fondations de France, FAS.Travaux sociologiques du LSCI, 30, 1–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emiliani, F., & Molinari, L. (1988). What everybody knows about children: Mothers’ ideas on early childhood.European Journal of Psychology of Education, 3, 19–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garey, A.I., Hansen, K.V., Hertz, R. & McDonald, C. (2002). Care and kinship: An introduction.Journal of Family Issues, 23, 703–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IRRES (1995).L’Umbria tra tradizione e innovazione. 2° rapporto sulla situazione economica, sociale e territoriale. Perugia: Regione dell’Umbria — Istituto Regionale di Ricerche Economiche e Sociali.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISTAT (2000).Rapporto sull’Italia. Edizione 2000. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantovani, S., & Musatti, T. (1996). New educational provisions for young children in Italy.European Journal of Psychology of Education, 11, 119–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, N.L., Noonan, A.E., McCartney, K., Marx, F., & Keefe, N. (2001). It takes an urban village: Parenting networks of urban families.Journal of Family Issues, 22, 163–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montesperelli, P., & Carlone, U. (2003)Primo rapporto sull’infanzia, l’adolescenza e le famiglie in Umbria. Perugia: Regione dell’Umbria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, T. (1992).La giornata del mio bambino: Madri, lavoro e cura dei più piccoli nella vita quotidiana. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, T. (2000). La petite enfance in Italie: Vie quotidienne et institutions éducatives. In. G. Brougère & S. Rayna (Eds.),Politiques, pratiques et acteurs de l’éducation préscolaire en Europe (pp. 407–431). Paris: INRP-Université Paris Nord/Anthropos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, T., & D’Amico, R. (1996). Nonne e nipotini: Lavoro di cura e solidarietà intergenerazionale.Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, 37, 563–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musatti, T., & Pasquale, F. (2001). La cura dei bambini piccoli nei comuni di Città di Castello e Gubbio. In L. Cipollone (Ed.),Cura dell’infanzia e uso dei servizi nelle famiglie, con bambini da 0 a 3 anni (pp. 41–101). Perugia: Regione dell’Umbira.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neyrand, G. (1995).Sur le pas de la Maison Verte. Paris: Syros.

    Google Scholar 

  • Picchio, M.C., & Musatti, T. (2001). Autour du petit-enfant: entre mères et grands-mères.La Revue Internationale de l’Education Familiale, 5, 45–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romano, M.C., & Cappadozzi, T. (2002). Generazioni estreme: Nonni e nipoti. In G.B. Sgritta (Ed.)Il gioco delle generazioni. Famiglie e scambi sociali, nelle reti primarie (pp. 179–208). Milano: Franco Angeli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, N., Strack, F., Hippler, H.J., & Bishop, G. (1991). The impact of administration mode on response effects in survey measurement.Applied Cognitive Psychology, 5, 193–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guiseppina Rullo.

Additional information

Resarch support for this project was provided by the National Research Council, Italy and the City of Terni.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rullo, G., Musatti, T. Mothering young children: Child care, stress and social life. Eur J Psychol Educ 20, 107–119 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173502

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173502

Key words

Navigation