Abstract
Diabetic patients present an increased susceptibility to frequent and protracted infections. The recognition of an impaired immune system has implications for the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of infections. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a redox sensitive transcription factor involved in immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis that has been associated to the development of diabetic complications. Herein we study the effects of high glucose on oxidative stress markers (malondialdeyde and glutathione contents) and NF-κB activity in U937 cells (a human promonocytic cell line). Furtheremore effects of lutein treatment in lymphocytes from diabetic rats was studied. The results show that high glucose induces oxidative stress in immune system cells, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as an increase in their NF-κB activity. It is also showed that lutein, a natural antioxidant without hypoglycemiant properties, is able to prevent all the alterations observed. Thus, this study confirms the role of oxidative stress in the immune system impairment described in diabetes, and allows the proposal of antioxidants for the clinical management of the diabetes-associated susceptibility to infections.
Resumen
Los pacientes diabéticos presentan mayor susceptibilidad a sufrir infecciones prolongadas y frecuentes. El reconocimiento de alteraciones del sistema inmune es importante para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de las infecciones. El factor nuclear ϰB es un factor de transcripción sensible al estado redox de la célula e implicado en la respuesta inmune, proliferación celular y apoptosis, que ha sido asociado con el desarrollo de las complicaciones de la diabetes. En este trabajo, se estudia el efecto de niveles elevados de glucosa sobre parámetros indicadores de estrés oxidativo y sobre la actividad del NF-ϰB, tanto en células U937 cultivadas con altas concentraciones de glucosa como en linfocitos aislados de ratas diabéticas. Igualmente, se ensaya un tratamiento con el antioxidante luteína. Los resultados muestran que altos niveles de glucosa inducen estrés oxidativo en células del sistema inmune, tanto in vitro como in vivo, y aumentan la actividad del NF-ϰB. También se muestra que la luteína, un antioxidante sin propiedades hipoglucemiantes, es capaz de prevenir dichas alteraciones. Por lo tanto, este estudio confirma la implicación del estrés oxidativo en las alteraciones de las células inmunes descritas en la diabetes, y permite proponer a los antioxidantes como tratamiento clínico coadyuvante en la prevención de las infecciones asociadas a la diabetes.
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Muriach, M., Bosch-Morell, F., Arnal, E. et al. Lutein prevents the effect of high glucose levels on immune system cells in vivo and in vitro . J Physiol Biochem 64, 149–157 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168243
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168243