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Purification of potato leaf roll virus and an evaluation of methods for its diagnosis

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Abstract

To evaluate four diagnostic methods for potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), an antiserum was prepared against a virus preparation purified from infectedDatura stramonium L. by an exudation method. The antiserum had a titer of 1:64 in microprecipitin tests. In a procedure developed subsequently PLRV was purified by a method that involved grinding liquid nitrogen frozen stems, petioles, and veins from different solanaceous hosts. A chloroform and n-butanol clarification was done followed by two cycles of differential centrifugation. On sucrose gradients, these preparations formed one band containing spherical particles 25 nm in diameter.

In Ouchterlony double-diffusion plates, the antiserum reacted positively with virus preparations from frozenPhysalis, Datura or potato tissue partially purified by two cycles of differential centrifugation. No visible reaction was obtained between the antiserum and the virus preparation from density gradient centrifugation. Antiserum neutralized infectivity of 40–50% of the virions in a partially purified preparation. No virus peak was detected in the scanning patterns obtained after a mixture of antiserum and virus was centrifuged on a sucrose density gradient. A few virus particles were seen attached to serologically specific grids.

Methods to diagnose PLRV in infected potato tubers were then compared. In the first, aphids were used to acquire the virus from tuber sprouts. They transmitted the virus to 100% of thePhysalis test plants. Results of the second method, visual inspection of symptoms on potato plants, were similar to those of the first method. Sarkar’s electron microscopic method and immuno-specific grids were less efficient than aphid transmission to diagnose PLRV in tuber sprouts. The low virus concentration in infected tissue made these last two methods unreliable.

Resumen

Para evaluar cuatro métodos de diagnóstico del virus del enrollamiento de la papa (PLRV) se preparó un antisuero con virus purificado de plantas deDatura stramonium por un método de exudado. El antisuero tuvo un título de 1:64 en pruebas de microprecipitación. Con un procedimiento desarrollado subsecuentemente PLRV fué purificado por un método que comprendía maceración de tallos, pecíolos y venas de diferentes solanáceas congelados en nitrógeno líquido. Después de una clarificación ccn cloroformo y n-butanol, el extracto se sometió a dos ciclos de centrifugación diferencial. En gradientes de sucrosa, estas preparaciones produjeron una banda que contenía partículas esféricas de 25 nm. de diámetro.

En difusión doble de Ouchterlony, el antisuero reaccionó positivamente con preparaciones virales de tejidos congelados dePhysalis, Datura o papa purificadas parcialmente por medio de dos ciclos de centrifugación diferencial. No se obtuvo ninguna reacción visible entre el antisuero y la preparación de virus obtenida en gradientes de densidad. El antisuero neutralizo la infectividad de 40–50% de las partículas virales de una preparación parcialmente purificada. No se detectó banda de partículas virales después de que una mezcla de antisuero y virus fue centrifugado en un gradiente de densidad de sucrosa. Unas cuantas partículas virales se vieron adheridas a rejillas para microscopio electrónico serologicamente específicas.

Métodos para diagnosticar PLRV en tubérculos de papa infectados fueron comparados. En el primero, áfidos fueron usados para adquirir el virus de brotes de tubérculos. Estos transmitieron el virus a 100% de las plantas dePhysalis. Los resultados del segundo método, inspection visual de síntomas en plantas de papa, fueron similares a los del primer método. El método de microscopia electrónica de Sarkar y de rejillas inmunoespecíficas fueron menos eficientes que transmisión por áfidos para diagnosticar PLRV en brotes de tubérculos. La concentración baja de virus en tejido infectado hizo que éstos dos ultimos métodos no sean confiables.

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Hepp, R.F., de Zoeten, G.A. Purification of potato leaf roll virus and an evaluation of methods for its diagnosis. American Potato Journal 55, 125–139 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02852086

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