Abstract
We studied postconflict behavior in three captive groups of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus). After a conflict, we monitored the aggressee as the focal individual during a 10-min postconflict period and made control observations the following day on the same individual. Selective attraction between former opponents occurred in the first minutes of the postconflict period. The conciliatory tendency was relatively high, about 40%. Although no specific behavior was used to reconcile, postconflict contacts were especially intense and a rich repertoire of affiliative patterns was exihibited. With regard to the rate and form of reconciliation, lion-tailed macaques resemble Sulawesi macaques, which belong to the same phyletic lineage. We also discuss the possible interrelations between conciliatory patterns and other characteristics of social organization.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali, R. (1985). An overview of the status and distribution of the lion-tailed macaque. In Heltne, P. G. (ed.),The Lion-Tailed Macaque: Status and Conservation, Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 13–25.
Aureli, F., Schaik, C. P., and Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1989). Functional aspects of reconciliation among captive longtailed macaques(Macaca fascicularis).Am. J. Primatol. 19: 39–52.
Aureli, F., Veenema, H. C., Panthaleon van Eck, G., and Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1989). Reconciliation, consolation and redirection in Japanese macaques(Macaca fuscata).Behaviour 124: 1–21.
Aureli, F., Das, M., Verleur, D., and Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1994). Postconflict social interactions among Barbary macaques(Macaca sylvanus).Int. J. Primatol. 3: 471–485.
Caldecott, J. O. (1986). Mating patterns, societies and the ecogeography of macaques.Anim. Behav. 34: 208–220.
Chaffin, C. L., Friedlen, K., and Waal, F. B. M. (1995). Dominance style of Japanese macaques compared with rhesus and stumptail macaques.Am. J. Primatol. 35: 103–116.
Cords, M. (1988). Resolution of aggressive conflicts by immature long-tailed macaques(Macaca fascicularis).Anim. Behav. 36: 1124–1135.
Delson, E. (1980). Fossil macaques, phyletic relationships and a scenario of deployment. In Lindburg, D. G. (ed.),The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 10–30.
Demaria, C., and Thierry, B. (1992). The ability to reconcile in Tonkean and rhesus macaques.Communication at the XIVth Congress of the International Primatological Society,Strasbourg.
Waal, F. B. M. (1993). Reconciliation among primates: A review of empirical evidence and unresolved issues. In Mason, W. A., and Mendoza, S. P. (eds.),Primate Social Conflict, State University of New York Press, New York, pp. 111–144.
Waal, F. B. M., and Luttrell, L. M. (1989). Toward a comparative socioecology of the genusMacaca: Different dominance styles in rhesus and stumptail monkeys.Am. J. Primatol. 19: 83–109
Waal, F. B. M., and Luttrell, L. M. (1985). The formal hierarchy of rhesus macaques: An investigation of the bared-teeth display.Am. J. Primatol. 9: 73–85.
Waal, F. B. M., and Ren, R. M. (1988). Comparison of the reconciliation of stumptail and rhesus macaques.Ethology 78: 129–142.
Waal, F. B. M., and Yoshihara, D. (1983). Reconciliation and redirected affection in rhesus monkeys.Behaviour 85: 224–241.
Dixson, A. F. (1977). Observation of the displays, menstrual cycles and sexual behaviour of the “black ape” of Celebes(Macaca nigra).J. Zool. 213: 423–443.
Fooden, J. (1980). Classification and distribution of living macaques(Macaca Lacépède, 1799). In Lindburg, D. G. (ed.),The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 1–9.
Fooden, J. (1982). Ecogeographic segregation of macaques species.Primates 23: 574–579.
Green, S., and Minkowsky, K. (1977). The lion-tailed monkey and its South Indian rain forest habitat. In Prince Rainier III, and Bourne, G. H. (eds.),Primate Conservation, Academic Press, New York, pp. 289–337.
Gust, D. A., and Gordon, T. P. (1993). Conflict resolution in sooty mangabeys.Anim. Behav. 46: 685–694.
Hohmann, G. M. (1988). Freiland-beobachtungen an Bartaffen(Macaca silenus).Z. Kölner Zoo 2(31): 47–56.
Hohmann, G. M., and Herzog, M. O. (1985). Vocal communication in lion-tailed macaques(Macaca silenus).Folia Primatol. 45: 148–178.
Johnson, P. C. (1985). Notes on the ethogram of captive lion-tailed macaques. In Heltne, P. G. (ed.),The Lion-Tailed Macaque: Status and Conservation, Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 239–263.
Judge, P. (1991). Dyadic and triadic reconciliation in pigtail macaques(Macaca nemestrina).Am. J. Primatol. 23: 225–237.
Kappeler, P. M., and Schaik, C. P. (1992). Methodological and evolutionary aspects of reconciliation among primates.Ethology 92: 51–69.
Kaumanns, W., Wilde, J., Schwibbe, M., Hindahl, J., and Klensang, H. (1988). Zur haltung von Bartaffen(Macaca silenus).Z. Kölner Zoo 3(31): 87–106.
Kumar, A. (1987).The Ecology and Population Dynamics of the Lion-Tailed Macaque in South India, Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
Lindburg, D., Harvey, N., and DeFalco, K. (1994). Night time studies on lion-tailed macaques at the San Diego Wild Animal Park.OWM TAG Newslett. 1(2): 1–2.
Petit, O., and Thierry, B. (1994). Reconciliation in a group of black macaques(Macaca nigra).Dodo J. Wildl. Preserv. Trusts 30: 89–95.
Petit, O., Abegg, C., and Thierry, B. A comparative study of aggression and conciliation in three species of cercopithecinae(Macaca fuscata, Macaca nigra, Papio papio). (submitted for publication).
Preuschoft, S. (1995). “Laughter”and “Smiling” in Macaques: An Evolutionary Perspective, Ph.D. thesis, Rijkuniversiteit Utrecht, Utrecht.
Richard, A. F., Goldstein, S. J., and Dewar, R. E. (1989). Weed macaques: The evolutionary implications of macaque feeding ecology.Int. J. Primatol. 10: 569–594.
Salzert, W. (1989). Affenfreigehege im Tierpark Rheine.Z. Kölner Zoo 32: 39–46.
Seth, P. K., Seth, S., Chopra, P. K., Reddy, G. J., Nainan, T., and Poirier, F. E. (1992). Dominance behaviour and activity patterns of the Delhi Zoological Park lion-tailed macaques(Macaca silenus). In Seth P. K., and Seth, S. (eds.),Perspectives in Primate Biology, Vol. 4, Today & Tomorrow, New Delhi, pp. 125–143.
Sugiyama, Y. (1968). The ecology of the lion-tailed macaque(Macaca silenus (Linnaeus))—A pilot study.J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65: 283–292.
Thierry, B. (1984). Clasping behaviour inMacaca tonkeana.Behaviour 89: 1–28.
Thierry, B. (1985). Patterns of agonistic interactions in three species of macaques(Macaca mulatto, M. fascicularis, M. tonkeana).Agress. Behav. 11: 223–233.
Thierry, B. (1986). A comparative study of aggression and response to aggression in three species of macaque. In Else, J. G., and Lee, P. C. (eds.),Primate Ontogeny, Cognition, and Social Behaviour, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 307–313.
Thierry, B. (1990a). Feedback loop between kinship and dominance: The macaque model.J. Theor. Biol. 145: 511–521.
Thierry, B. (1990b). L’état d’équilibre entre comportements agonistiques chez un groupe de macaque japonais(Macaca fuscata).C.R. Acad. Sci. 310(III): 35–40.
Thierry, B., Demaria, G, Preuschoft, S., and Desportes, C. (1989). Structural convergence between silent bared-teeth display and relaxed open-mouth display in the Tonkean macaque(Macaca tonkeana).Folia Primatol. 52: 178–184.
Thierry, B., Anderson, J. R., Demaria, C., Desportes, C., and Petit, O. (1994). Tonkean macaque behaviour from the perspective of the evolution of Sulawesi macaques. In Roeder, J. J., Thierry, B., Anderson, J. R., and Herrenschmidt, N. (eds.),Current Primatology, Vol. 2: Social Development, Learning and Behaviour, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, pp. 103–117.
Schaik, C. P. (1989). The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates. In Standen, V., and Foley, R. A. (eds.),Comparative Socioecology: The Behavioural Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 195–218.
Veenema, H. C., Das, M., and Aureli, F. (1994). Methodological corrections for the study of reconciliation.Behav. Proc. 31: 29–38.
York, A. D., and Rowell, T. E. (1988). Reconciliation following aggression in patas monkeys,Erythrocebus patas.Anim. Behav. 36: 502–509.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abegg, C., Thierry, B. & Kaumanns, W. Reconciliation in three groups of lion-tailed macaques. Int J Primatol 17, 803–816 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02735265
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02735265