Skip to main content
Log in

ChemSage—A computer program for the calculation of complex chemical equilibria

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An extensive computer program called ChemSage, based upon the SOLGASMIX Gibbs energy minimizer, is presented together with several examples which illustrate its use. ChemSage was designed to perform three types of thermochemical calculations in complex systems involving phases exhibiting nonideal mixing properties. These are the calculation of thermodynamic functions, heterogeneous phase equilibria, and steady-state conditions for the simulation of simple multistage reactors. The thermodynamic functions module calculates specific heat, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy with respect to a chosen reference state for a given phase and, if this phase is a mixture, the partial properties of its components. Chemical equilibrium calculations can be made for a system which has been uniquely defined with respect to temperature, pressure (or volume), and composition. One of these quantities may also be replaced by an extensive property or phase target,e.g., for the calculation of adiabatic and liquidus temperatures, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C.W. Bale and G. Eriksson:Can. Metall. Q., 1990, vol. 29, pp. 105–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. W.R. Smith and R.W. Missen:Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Analysis, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A.E. Mather:Fluid Phase Equilib., 1986, vol. 30, pp. 83–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.A.D. Connolly and D.M. Kerrick:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1987, vol. 11, pp. 1–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. C. De Capitani and T.H. Brown:Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1987, vol. 51, pp. 2639–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. C.E. Harvie, J.P. Greenberg, and J.H. Weare:Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1987, vol. 51, pp. 1045–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Uchida:Comput. Chem., 1987, vol. 11, pp. 19–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Greiner:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1988, vol. 12, pp. 143–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Lantagne, B. Marcos, and B. Cayrol:Comput. Chem. Eng., 1988, vol. 12, pp. 589–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Cheynet: inComputer Software in Chemical and Extractive Metallurgy, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 1989, pp. 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  11. A.T. Dinsdale, S.M. Hodson, T.I. Barry, and J.R. Taylor: inComputer Software in Chemical and Extractive Metallurgy, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 1989, pp. 59–74.

    Google Scholar 

  12. B. Sundman: inComputer Software in Chemical and Extractive Metallurgy, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 1989, pp. 75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. Eriksson and E. Rosen:Chem. Scr., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 193–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Eriksson:Chem. Scr., 1975, vol. 8, pp. 100–03.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.G. Turnbull:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1983, vol. 7, pp. 137–47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R. Gallagher and PJ. Spencer:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1983, vol. 7, pp. 157–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Yokokawa, M. Fujishige, S. Ujiie, and M. Dokiya:Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1988, vol. 83, pp. 1–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. G. Eriksson and K. Hack:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1984, vol. 8, pp. 15–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Eriksson and T. Johansson:Scand. J. Metall., 1978, vol. 7, pp. 264–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. O. Redlich and A.T. Kister:Ind. Eng. Chem., 1948, vol. 40, pp. 345–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Y.M. Muggianu, M. Gambino, and J.P. Bros:J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1975, vol. 72, pp. 83–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Kaufman and H. Nesor:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1978, vol. 2, pp. 35–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. F. Kohler:Monatsh. Chem., 1960, vol. 91, pp. 738–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Margules:Sitzungsber. Wien Akad., 1895, vol. 104, pp. 1243–78.

    Google Scholar 

  25. G.W. Toop:Trans. AIME, 1965, vol. 233, pp. 850–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Sundman and J. Ågren:J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1981, vol. 42, pp. 297–301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Hillert, B. Jansson, B. Sundman, and J. Ågren:Metall. Trans. A, 1985, vol. 16A, pp. 261–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A.D. Pelton:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1988, vol. 12, pp. 127–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. H. Gaye and J. Weifringer:Metall. Slags Fluxes, 2nd Int. Symp. Proc, 1984, pp. 357-75.

  30. M.L. Kapoor and M.G. Frohberg:Chem. Metall. Iron Steel, Proc. Int. Symp. Metall. Chem.—Appl.Ferrous Metall., 1971, pp. 17-22.

  31. A.D. Pelton and M. Blander:Metall. Trans. B, 1986, vol. 17B, pp. 805–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. C.W. Bale and A.D. Pelton:Metall. Trans. A, 1990, vol. 21A, pp. 1997–2002.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. C.E. Harvie, N. Moeller, and J.H. Weare:Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1984, vol. 48, pp. 723–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. The 1967 IFC Formulation for Industrial Use, U.K. Steam Tables, E. Arnold, London, 1970, Appendix I.

  35. K.S. Pitzer:J. Solution Chem., 1975, vol. 4, pp. 249–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Uematsu and E.U. Franck:J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1980, vol. 9, pp. 1291–1306.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. R. Holub and P. Vonka:The Chemical Equilibrium of Gaseous Systems, D. Reidl, Dordrecht, Holland, 1976, pp. 162–95.

    Google Scholar 

  38. G. Eriksson and W.T. Thompson:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1989, vol. 13, pp. 389–400.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y.K. Rao:Metall. Trans. A, 1987, vol. 18A, pp. 327–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. G. Inden:Project Meeting CALPHAD V, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany, 1976, pp. IV.1-1-IV.1-35.

    Google Scholar 

  41. M. Hillert and M. Jarl:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Termochem., 1978, vol. 2, pp. 227–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. R. Jeanloz and E. Knittle:Adv. Phys. Geochem., 1986, vol. 6, pp. 275–309.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Y. Fei and S.K. Saxena:Phys. Chem. Miner., 1986, vol. 13, pp. 311–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. N. Saunders and A.P. Miodownik:CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem., 1985, vol. 9, pp. 283–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. P.J. Spencer and H. Holleck:High Temp. Sci., in press.

  46. T. Johansson and G. Eriksson:J. Electrochem. Soc., 1984, vol. 131, pp. 365–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Formerly with the Inorganic Chemistry Department, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Eriksson, G., Hack, K. ChemSage—A computer program for the calculation of complex chemical equilibria. Metall Trans B 21, 1013–1023 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670272

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670272

Keywords

Navigation