Abstract
The conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in LiNbO3 has been investigated and two techniques for accomplishing this without producing reduction of the host crystal are described. Annealing Fe-doped crystals in argon or argon-oxygen mixtures converts up to about 90% of the Fe to Fe2+. Greater amounts are converted by annealing the crystals in oxygen or air while they are packed in powdered Li2CO3. These techniques are of use to optimize crystals for various holographic storage applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. E. Peterson, A. M. Glass, and T. J. Negrin, Applied Physics Letters19, 130 (1971).
J. J. Amodei, W. Phillips, and D. L. Staebler, Applied Optics11, 390 (1972).
W. Phillips, J. J. Amodei, and D. L. Staebler, RCA Review33, 94 (1972).
A. M. Glass, G. E. Peterson, and T. J. Negrin, published in NBS Special Publication 372, “Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1972≓ A. J. Glass and A. H. Guenther, editors.
D. L. Staebler and W. Phillips, Applied Optics13, April, 1974.
G. E. Peterson, A. M. Glass, A. Carnevale, and P. M. Bridenbaugh, Journal of the American Ceramic Society56, 278 (1973).
R. L. Byer, J. F. Young, and R. S. Feigelson, Journal of Applied Physics41, 2320 (1970).
J. J. Amodei and D. L. Staebler, Applied Physics Letters18, 540 (1971).
K. Nassau, H. J. Levinstein, and G. M. Loiacono, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids27, 983 (1966).
D. L. Staebler and W. Phillips, Applied Physics Letters24, March 15, 1974.
B. A. Scott and G. Burns, Journal of the American Ceramic Society55, 225 (1972).
J. J. Amodei and D. L. Staebler, RCA Review33, 71 (1972).
P. J. Jorgensen and R. W. Bartlett, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids30, 2639 (1969).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Based on a paper presented at the AIME conference on Electronics Materials, Las Vegas, Neveda, August 1973.
The research reported in this paper was partially supported by the Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, D.C. and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Phillips, W., Staebler, D.L. Control of the Fe2+ concentration in iron-doped lithium niobate. J. Electron. Mater. 3, 601–617 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652959
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652959