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The effect of dietary n−6 and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure and tissue fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats

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Lipids

Abstract

Effects of dietary n−6 and n−3 fatty acids (FAs) on blood pressure (BP) and tissue phospholipid (PL) FA composition in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were compared. Male weanling SHR and WKY were fed a fat-free semisynthetic diet supplemented with 10% (w/w) fats containing (a) 78% 18∶2n−6 (LA-rich), (b) 20% LA and 55% 18∶3n−3 (LN-rich), or (c) 11% LA and 3% LN (CON) for seven weeks. Dietary fats did not affect the BP elevation, but significantly altered the FA composition of brain, adrenal gland, renal medulla and cortex PL in SHR. The LA-rich diet increased n−6 FA while it reduced n−3 FA levels. The levels of 20∶4n−6 were not significantly different between animals fed the LA-rich and the CON diets. LN-rich diet increased the levels of n−3 FAs, while it reduced those of n−6 FAs. However, the extent of change was significantly less in SHR than in WKY. In all dietary groups, SHR, as compared to WKY, had a relatively higher level of the 2 series prostaglandin (PG) precursor, 20∶4n−6, and a relatively lower level of the 1 and 3 series PG precursors, 20∶3n−6 and 20∶5n−3. The possibility that the unbalanced eicosanoid FA precursor levels might contribute to the development of hypertension in this animal model is discussed.

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Abbreviations

AA:

arachidonic acid

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

BF3-methanol:

boron trifluoride methanol

BP:

blood pressure

CON:

control oil

DGLA:

dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

eicosapentaenoic acid

FAs:

fatty acids

HCO:

hydrogenated coconut oil

LA:

linoleic acid

LN:

linolenic acid

LSO:

linseed oil

MUFAs:

monounsaturated fatty acids

PG:

prostaglandin

PGI1 :

prostacyclin

PGI3 :

prostacyclin

PL:

phospholipids

PUFAs:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

SD:

standard deviation

SFAs:

saturated fatty acids

SFO:

safflower oil

SHR:

spontaneously hypertensive rats

TLC:

thinlayer chromatography

TX:

thromboxane

TXA3 :

inactive thromboxane

WKY:

normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats

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Watanabe, Y., Huang, YS., Simmons, V.A. et al. The effect of dietary n−6 and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure and tissue fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lipids 24, 638–644 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02535081

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02535081

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