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Lime-stabilized red mud bricks

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Abstract

Red mud is a waste material obtained from the aluminium extraction industry and consists mainly of the oxides of aluminium, iron and titianium. The present red mud production in the country is above two million tons every year, which is not being put to any worthwhile use except as a filler to a small extent in the preparation of roads. Efforts have been made at CBRI to produce burnt clay bricks by partially replacing the clay with red mud and fly-ash. In this process, the red mud is expected to find a major use shortly. Efforts have also been made to incorporate in the red mud a small percentage of lime and compress the mix at optimum moisture content in the form of bricks with a purpose of examining their strength and stability to the erosive action of water. A maximum wet compressive strength of 3.75 MN m−2 with 5% lime and 4.22 MN m−2 with 8% lime has been obtained after 28 days of casting and humid curing in the month of August. The red mud sample studied was obtained from the Indian Aluminium Company. The brick samples were studied for accelerated weathering and found suitable for use as a walling material for low-cost shelters. Modifications in the red mud mix, especially from the viewpoint of particle size distribution, have also been examined simultaneously by its part replacement with coarse-grained soil and fly-ash. The results indicate that the basis of the beneficial action of lime on red mud is predominantly chemical.

Résumé

La boue rouge est un déchet de l’extraction d’aluminium: il s’agit principalement d’oxydes d’aluminium, de fer et de titanium. La production actuelle de boue rouge dépasse en Inde 2 millions de tonnes chaque année qui ne sont employées à aucun usage valable excepté, en quantité limitée, comme filler dans la préparation des routes. On a tenté au Central Building Research Institute de produire des briques d’argile cuites en remplaçant partiellement l’argile par de la boue et des cendres volantes. Cette fabrication de boue rouge est appelée rapidement à une utilisation importante.

On a également essayé d’incorporer dans la boue rouge un faible pourcentage de chaux et de compresser le mélange sous forme de briques à une teneur en humidité optimale dans le but d’examiner leur résistance et leur stabilité à l’action érosive de l’eau. On a obtenu à 28 jours de moulage et de conservation en atmosphère humide (mois d’août) une résistance à la compression en humidité maximale de 3,75 MN m−2 avec 5% de chaux et de 4,22MN m−2 avec 8% de chaux. Les échantillons de boue rouge examinés provenaient de la Société Indienne d’Aluminium (Indalco). On a soumis les échantillons de brique à un vieillissement accéléré, et on a trouvé qu’ils convenaient comme éléments de maçonnerie pour habitations à faible coût.

En même temps, on a examiné les modifications qui interviennent dans le mélange de boue rouge, en particulier du point de vue de la distribution dimensionnelle des pores, quand on le remplace partiellement par de la terre grossière et des cendres volantes. Les résultats montrent que l’action bénéfique de la chaux sur la boue rouge est surtout d’ordre chimique.

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Dass, A., Malhotra, S.K. Lime-stabilized red mud bricks. Materials and Structures 23, 252–255 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472198

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