Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Changes in the amide and amino acid composition of xylem exudate from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during regrowth after defoliation

  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper presents the results of amino acid analyses in xylem sap during leaf regrowth of ryegrass plants defoliated firstly at the 8th and secondly at the 12th week of culture. The free amino acid composition of leaves, stubble and roots was also determined and some of the results are reported. Prior to defoliation, xylem sap contained a high proportion of amides, particularly glutamine. During regrowth after defoliation, the proportion of asparagine in the xylem sap increased until the third day when the highest ratios of asparagine/glutamine appeared. The results are compared with relative amounts of free amino acids in the different plant parts and discussed in relation to source-sink nitrogen transfer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen S and Raven J A 1987 Intracellular pH regulation inRicinus communis growth with ammonium or nitrate as N-source: The role of long distance transport. J. Exp. Bot. 38, 580–596.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen S and Smith J A C 1986 Ammonium nutrition inRicinus communis: Its effect on plant growth and the chemical composition of the whole plant, xylem and phloen saps. J. Exp. Bot. 37, 1599–1610.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arruda P and Da Silva W J 1979 Amino acid composition of vascular sap of maize ear peduncle. Phytochem. 18, 409–410.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Champigny M L, Oaks A, Bismuth E and Moyse A 1986 Synthèse des acides aminés dans les jeunes plantes de Blé en présence de15N-nitrate. C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 303, 483–488.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman D J and Leech R M 1979 Changes in pools sizes of free amino acids and amides in leaves and plastids ofZea mays during leaf development. Plant Physiol. 63, 597–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Draper S R, Sylvester-Bradley R and Keith D G 1972 Studies of amino-acid metabolism in winter barley. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 23, 1369–1377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elmore C D and King E E 1978 Amino acid composition of germinating cotton seeds. Plant Physiol. 62, 531–535.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhill A W and Chibnal A C 1934 The exudation of glutamine from perennial ryegrass. Biochem. J. 28, 1422–1427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hocking P J 1980 The composition of phloem exudate and xylem sap from tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca Grah.). Ann. Bot. 45, 633–643.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkman M A and Miflin B J 1979 The nitrate content and amino acid composition of the xylem fluid of spring wheat throughout the growing season. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 30, 653–660.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lea P J and Joy K W 1983 Amino acid interconversion in germinating seeds.In Recent Advances in Phycochemistry 17, 77–109. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lea P J and Miflin B J 1980 Transport and metabolism of asparagine and other nitrogen compounds within the plant.In The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. 5. Ed. B J Miflin. pp. 769–607. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefevre J, Bigot J and Boucaud J 1989 Composition en acides aminés libres des feuilles, des chaumes et des racines du ray-grass anglais. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 309, 389–395.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefevre J, Bigot J and Boucaud J 1991 Origin of foliar nitrogen and changes in free amino acid composition and content of leaves, stubble and roots of perennial ryegrass during regrowth after defoliation. J. Exp. Bot., 42, 89–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz H 1976 Nitrate, ammonium and amino acids in the bleeding sap of tomato plants in the relation to form and concentration of nitrogen in the medium. Plant and Soil 45, 169–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munns R 1985 Na+, K+ and Cl− in xylem sap flowing to shoots of NaCl-treated barley. J. Exp. Bot. 36, 1032–1042.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munns R 1988 Effect of high external NaCl concentrations on ion transport within the shoot ofLupinus albus. I. Ions in xylem sap. Plant Cell Environ. 11, 283–289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oscarson P and Larsson C-M 1986 Relations between uptake and utilization of NO3 − in Pisum growing exponentially under nitrogen limitation. Physiol. Plant. 67, 109–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ourry A, Boucaud J and Salette J 1988 Nitrogen mobilization from stubble and roots during re-growth of defoliated ryegrass. J. Exp. Bot. 39, 803–809.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ourry A, Bigot J and Boucaud J 1989a Protein mobilization from stubble and roots, and proteolytic activities during post-clipping re-growth of perennial ryegrass. J. Plant Physiol. 134, 298–303.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ourry A, Boucaud, J, Salette J and Duyme M 1989b Métabolisme de l’azote chez le ray-grass (Lolium perenne L.): Etude par marquage15N des remobilizations d’azote après une coupe. Agron. 9, 401–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ourry A, Boucaud J and Duyme M 1990 Sink control of nitrogen uptake and assimilation during regrowth after-cutting of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Cell Envir. 13, 185–189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pate J S, Sharkey P J and Lewis D A 1975 Xylem to phloem transfer of solutes in fruiting shoots of legumes, studied by a phloem bleeding technique. Planta 122, 11–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pate J S 1980 Transport and partitioning of nitrogen solutes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31, 313–340.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips A D, Center D M and Jones M B 1983 Nitrogen turnover and assimilation during regrowth inTrifolium subterranum L. andBromus mollis. L. Plant Physiol. 71, 472–476.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosnitschek-Schimmel I 1985 The influence of nitrogen nutrition on the accumulation of free amino acids of root tissue ofUrtica dioica and their apical transport in xylem sap. Plant Cell Physiol. 26, 215–219.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saarelainen R and Mikola J 1987 Transport-related amino acid metabolism in germinating barley grains. Physiol. Plant. 70, 127–132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schobert C and Komor E 1990 Transfer of amino acids and nitrate from the roots. Planta 181, 85–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheard R W 1973 Organic reserves and plant regrowthIn Chemistry and Bicohemistry of Herbage. Eds. G W Butler and R W Bailey. pp. 353–377. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelp B 1987 The composition of Phloem exudate and xylem sap from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var.italica) supplied with NH4, NO3 or NH4NO3. J. Exp. Bot. 38, 1619–1636.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson R J 1986 Translocation and metabolism of nitrogen: Whole plant aspects.In Fundamental, Ecological and Agricultural Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants. Eds. H Lambers, J J Neeteson and I Stulen. pp 71–96. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biochimie végétales, Institut de Recherches en Biologie Appliquée, (I.R.B.A.), Université de Caen, F-14032, Caen Cedex, France

    J. Bigot, J. Lefevre & J. Boucaud

Authors
  1. J. Bigot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Lefevre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Boucaud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bigot, J., Lefevre, J. & Boucaud, J. Changes in the amide and amino acid composition of xylem exudate from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during regrowth after defoliation. Plant Soil 136, 59–64 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02465220

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02465220

Key words

Search

Navigation