References
Acheson, A.L.K., Chant, J.F. & Prachowny, M.F.J. (Eds.) (1972). Bretton Woods revisited. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Adams, P. (1991). Odious debts: Loose lending, corruption, and the Third World's environmental legacy. Toronto: Earthscan (Probe International).
Adcock, J. & Kildow, J. (1992). Environment and the trading system.Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 16:55–62.
Agarwal, A. & Narain, S. (1991). Global warming in an unequal world.International Journal of Sustainable Development 1(1):98–104.
Agarwal, A. & Narain, S. (1992). View from the South: We can no longer subsidize the North. New York:United Nations Development Forum 20 (3): 15–30.
Agarwal, A. & Narain, S. (1992). North writes script for UNCED Tamasha in Brazil.Economic Times (India). February 9.
Ahmad, Y., El Serafy, S. & Lutz, E. (Eds.) (1989). Environmental accounting for sustainable development. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Anderson, K., & Blackhurst, R. (Eds.) (1992). The greening of world trade issues. London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
Anderson, K. (1992). Agricultural trade liberalization and the environment: a global perspective. The World Economy (Jan) 15(1):153–171.
Arden-Clarke, C. (1991a). Conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests: The role of ITTO and GATT. Gland, Switzerland: World Wildlife Fund, Discussion Paper.
Arden-Clarke, C. 1991b. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, environmental protection and sustainable development. Gland, Switzerland, World Wildlife Fund for Nature.
Arden-Clarke, C. (1991c). The cruel tradeoff. The Guardian. September 13.
Arden-Clarke, C. (1992a). South-North terms of trade, environmental protection and sustainable development. Gland, Switzerland: World Wildlife Fund, Discussion Paper.
Arden-Clarke, C. (1992b). International trade, GATT, and the environment. Gland, Switzerland: WWF Position paper (May).
Arden-Clarke, C. (1992c). The GATT report on trade and environment: A critique by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Gland, Switzerland: WWF (March).
Audley, J. (1992). Critical analysis of Arthur Dunkel's report on trade and the environment. The Sierra Club's Center for Environmental Innovation. March 17.
Baumol, W. J. (1971). Environmental protection, international spillovers and trade. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Bhagwati, J. (1991). The world trading system at risk. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Bhagwati, J. (1988). Protectionism. Boston, MIT Press.
Bhagwati, J. and Patrick, H. (1990). Aggressive unilateralism. London, Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
Bhagwati, J. and Srinivasan, T. N. (1983). On the choice between capital and labor mobility. J. Internat. Economics 14:209–221.
Barbier, E. (1990). Managing trade and environment: the demand for raw ivory in Japan and Hong Kong. World Economy (UK) 14:407–430.
Barr, M., Honeywell, R. and Sofel, S. (1991). Labor and environmental rights in the proposed Mexico-United States Free Trade Agreement. Houston Journal of International Law. 14(1): 1–84.
Baucus, M. (1991). Senator Max Baucus Reports. Trade and the Environment. September 17.
Bhalla, A. S. (ed.). (1992). Environment, employment and development. Geneva, International Labor Office: 177 p.
Bovard, J. (1991). The fair trade fraud. New York, St Martin's Press. 330 p.
Bown, W. (1990). Trade deals a blow to the environment. New Scientist (UK). 128:20–21.
Braga, C. (1992). Tropical forests and trade policy: The cases of Indonesia and Brazil. (247–274)in Low, P. (ed.). International Trade and Environment. Washington D.C. The World Bank. 365 p.
Birdsall, N. and Wheeler, D. (1992). Trade policy and Industrial Pollution in Latin America: where are the pollution havens? Washington DC, World Bank.
Brown, G. E., Goold, J. J. and Cavanagh, J. (1992). Making trade fair: a social and environmental charter for North America. World Policy Journal (Spring): 309–327.
Cameron, J. O'G., Mjolo-Thamage, T. and Robinson, J. C. (1992). Relationship between environmental agreements and instruments related to trade and development. Centre for International Environmental Law, King's College, London. Geneva, UNCED Research Paper 35.
Cameron, J. and Ward, H. (1992). The multilateral trade organization: a legal and environmental assessment. Gland, Switzerland, World Wildlife Fund, Research Report (May).
CAP Briefing, (1988). Farm policy and the environment: North-South links. Catholic Institute for International Relations. (UK).
Charnovitz, S. (1991). Exploring the environmental exceptions in GATT Article XX. Journal of World Trade 25(5):37–55.
Charnovitz, S. (1991). Trade links: Labor and the environment. International Economic Insights. 11:38–39.
Citizen Trade Watch Campaign. (1992). Congressional Briefing on the December 20, 1991 Uruguay Round GATT “Final Act Text.” February 13. Washington D.C.
Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica (November): 386–405.
Cobb, J. B. Jr. (1992). Growth without progress? Loyola, Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review (in press).
Copeland, B.R. (1991). International trade in waste products in the presence of illegal disposal. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 20(2): 143–162.
Culbertson, J. (1991). U.S. free trade with Mexico: progress or self destruction? The Social Contract. (Fall): 7–11.
Daly, H. E. (1991). Ecological economics and sustainable development-in Rossi, C. and Tiezzi, E. (eds.) Ecological Physical Chemistry. Amsterdam, Elesevier. 651 p.
Daly, H. E. (1991). Sustainable growth: a bad oxymoron. Grassroots Development 15(3).
Daly, H. E. (1992a). From adjustment to sustainable development: the obstacle of free trade. Loyola Law School ms (29 Feb).
Daly, H. E. (1992b). Review of international policies to accelerate sustainable development in developing countries, and related policies. Daly H.E. and Cobb, J. (1989). For the common good. Boston, Beacon Press.
Dawkins, K. (1992). Balancing: policies for just and sustainable trade. Minneapolis, Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy.
Dean, J. (1991). Trade and the environment: a survey of the literature (15–28)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington D.C., The World Bank.
Donahoe, T. (1991). The case against a North American free trade agreement. Columbia Journal of World Business 26(2):92–96.
The December 20, 1991 GATT Uruguay Round “Final Act” text must be rejected. Letter from U.S. Environmental and Consumer Groups. 1992. January 9.
Diwan, I. and Shafik, M. (1992). Investment, technology and the global environment (263–286) in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington D.C. The World Bank.
Doddwell, D. (1992). GATT says rainforest “services” should be paid for. Financial Times. February 12.
Dohlman, J. (1990). The trade effects of environmental legislation. The OECD Observer (Feb–Mar).
The Economist. (1989). Greening Europe: The freedom to be cleaner than the rest. October 14.
The Economist. (1991). Free trade's green hurdle. June 15. 61-22.
El Serafy, S. (1989). The proper calculation of income from depletable natural resources—in Ahmad, Y. et al. (eds.) Environmental accounting for sustainable development. Washington D.C., The World Bank.
El Serafy, S. (1991). The environment as capital (168-175)in Costanza R. (ed.) Ecological Economics. New York, Columbia University press.
Engen, J. (1991). Trading for a greener world. Global Trade 111(6):20–22.
Fletcher, S. and Tiemann, M. (1992). Environment and trade. Washington DC., Congressional Research Service 1B92006.
GATT, (1971). Industrial pollution control and international trade. Geneva, GATT Studies in International Trade 1.
GATT, (1982). Conciliation: United States — prohibition of imports of tuna and tuna products from Canada. Report of the Panel. L/5178.
GATT, (1991). On environment, economy and GATT. GATT Briefing, No. 5–6.
GATT, (1992). Trade and the environment. Geneva, GATT Secretariat. Paper No. 1529. (12 February): 35.
GATT. (1992). News Release: Expanding trade can help solve environmental problems. February 3.
GATT. (1992). Press Release: Environment concerns must not be kidnapped by protectionists says Arthur Dunkel. February 11.
GATT Briefing. (1991). Green Trade: will there be a greening of GATT? Rongead, France.
Goodland, R., Daly, H.E. and El Serafy, S. (eds.) (1991). Environmentally sustainable economic development: building on Brundtland. Washington DC, The World Bank, Environment Department Paper 46.
Goodland, R. (1992). The case that the world has reached limits: more precisely that current throughput growth in the global economy cannot be sustained. Population and Environment. 13(3): 167–182.
Goodland R. and Daly H.E. (1992a). Approaching global environmental sustainability. World Development. 2:35–41.
Goodland, R. and Daly, H. E. (1993). Why Northern income growth is not the solution to Southern poverty. Ecological Economics.
Grimmett, J.J. (1991). Environmental regulation and the GATT. Washington DC, Congressional Research Service 91-285 A.
Grossman G. and Krueger, A. and National Bureau of Economic Research. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement: timber. 39.
Hahn, R.W. and Richards, K. R. (1989). The internationalization of environmental regulation. Harvard International Law Journal 30(2):421–426.
Hansson, G. (1990). Harmonization and international trade. London, Routledge.
Harrod, R. F. (1951). The life of John Maynard Keynes. London, Macmillan.
Heckscher, E.F. and Ohlin, B. (1991). The Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory. Cambridge MA, MIT Press.
Hines, C. (1990). Green protectionism: halting the four horsemen of the free trade Apocalypse. London, Earth Resources Research.
Hudson, S. (1992). Trade, environment, and the pursuit of sustainable development (86-89)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment, Washington D.C., The World Bank.
Jackson, J. H. (1992). World trade rules and environmental policies: congruence or conflict? Washington and Lee law Review 49(4): 1227–1278.
Joyce, C. (1992). U.S. environmentalists oppose world trade deal. New Scientist (UK). 133.
Kelley, M., Kamp, D., Gregory, M. and Rich, D. (1991). U.S. Mexico free trade negotiations and the environment: exploring the issues. Columbia Journal of World Business. 26(2):42–58.
Keynes, J.M. (1933). National self-sufficiency—in Moggeridge, D. (ed.) The Collected Writings of J.M. Keynes (vol. 21). London, Macmillan.
Korten, D. (1992). Development heresy and the ecological revolution. Development (Philippines). (January 2).
Krugman, P. R. (1990). Rethinking international trade. Cambridge MA, MIT Press.
Krutilla, K. (1991). Environmental regulation in an open economy. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 20:127–142.
Lopez, R. (1992). The environment as a factor of production (199-124)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington D.C. The World Bank.
Low, P. (1992). International trade and the environment: an overview. (1-25)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment, Washington D.C., The World Bank.
Low, P. and Yeates, A. (1992). Do “dirty industries” migrate? (135-154)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington D.C. The World Bank.
Lucas, R., Wheeler, D. and Heftige, H. (1992). Economic development, environmental regulation and the international mitigation of toxic industrial pollution: 1960-1988. (109–132)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment, Washington D.C., The World Bank.
Lubinski. (1989). Protection of the natural environment and trade between developed and developing capitalist countries. Warsaw, Economic papers 21:22–37.
Meade, J.E. (1965). The stationary economy. Allen and Unwin. London.
Meade, J.E. (1976). The just economy. Allen and Unwin. London.
Meade, J.E. (1972). The controlled economy. State University of New York Press. Albany.
Meadows, D.L., Meadows, D.H., and Randers, J. (1991). Beyond the limits. Mills, Vt.
McCracken, J. (1991). GATT and the environment: who wins and who is interested? Libertas: European Review 1(2):58–67.
McDonald, J. (1991). Greening the GATT: Harmonizing free trade and environmental protection in the new world order. Environmental Law (in press).
Mies, M. (1991). Consumption patterns of the North: the cause of environmental destruction and poverty in the South: women and children first. Geneva, UNCED (UNICEF & UNFPA).
Nordhaus, W. and Tobin, J. (1972). Is growth obsolete? -in Economic Growth. New York, Columbia Univ. Press, National Bureau of Economic Research, General Series, No: 96E.
OECD. (1975). The polluter pays principle: definition, analysis, implementation. Paris, OECD 117.
Office of Technology Assessment, (1992). Trade and environment: conflicts and opportunities. Washington, DC, OTA, U.S. Congress.
Parikh, J. and Parikh, K. (1991). Consumption patterns: the driving force of environmental stress. Geneva, UNCED.
Pearson, C. and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (1982). Policies and their environmental implications for developing countries. New York, UNCTAD, (2).
Pearce, D. (1992). Should GATT be reformed for environmental reasons? London, CSERGE Discussion Paper GEC 92-01.
Petersmann, E-U. (1991). Trade policy, environmental policy and the GATT: why trade rules and environmental rules should be mutually consistent. Aussenwirtschaft (Switzerland) 46(2):197–221.
Public Citizen's Congress Watch. (1991). Everything you always wanted to know about GATT but were afraid to ask. November. Washington D.C.
Radetzki, M. (1992). Economic growth and environment. (175-(194)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington D.C., The World Bank.
Raghavan, C. (1990). Recolonization: GATT, the Uruguay Round and the Third World. London, Zed Books and the Third World Network.
Rainforest Action Network. (1991). How free-trade will affect rainforests. August. San Francisco.
Reinstein, R. (1991). Trade and Environment. U.S. State Department. Washington D.C.
Ritchie, M. (1990). GATT, agriculture and the environment: the U.S. double zero plan. Ecologist (UK) 20(6):214–220.
Ritchie, M. (1990). Trading away our environment. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. May.
Robbins, L.C. (1972). An autobiography of an economist.
Robertson, D. (1992). Trade and the environment: harmonization and technical standards. (423–444)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington D.C., The World Bank.
Robinson, H. (1988). Industrial pollution abatement: The impact on the balance of trade. Canadian Journal of Economics. 21(1): 187–199.
Rubin, S. and Graham, T. (eds.) (1982). Environment and trade: the relationship of international trade and environmental policy. Allanheld Osman.
Runge, C. (1990). Environmental risk and the world economy. The American Prospect. 1(1): (March). 114–118.
Runge, C. F. and Nolan, R. (1990). Trade in disservices: environmental regulation and agricultural trade. Food Policy (UK) 15:3–7.
Runge, C.F. (1990). Trade protectionism and environmental regulations: new non-tariff barriers. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business. SP. 2(1):47–61.
Safadi, R. and Low, P. (1992). International policy coordination and environmental quality (397–418)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington D.C. The World Bank.
Sahai, S. (1992). The Dunkel draft: highly dangerous for the Indian farmer. Development Alternatives 2(6):1–2; 8–9.
Sarcevic, P. and van Houtte, H. (1990). Legal issues in international trade.
Schneider, G. et. al. (1989). Task force: environment and the internal market. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities.
Schmidt-Bleek, F. and Wohlmeyer, H. (1991). Trade and environment. Laxenberg, Austria. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
Shrybman, S. (1990). International trade and the environment: an environmental assessment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Ecologist 20(1): (Jan–Feb). 30–34.
or]Shrybman, S. (1991–1992). Trading away the environment. World Policy Journal 9:93–110.
Siebert, C. H., Eichberger, J., Gronych, R. and Pethig, R. (1980). Trade and environment: a theoretical enquiry. Amsterdam, Elsevier.
Singh, J. and Lackan, V. (1990). Business ethics and the international trade in hazardous wastes. Journal of Business Ethics (Netherlands), 8(11):889–899.
Snape, R. (1991). Environment, international trade, and GATT. Monash University, Dept of Economics, Seminar Papers 8:1–42.
Snape, R. (1991). International regulation of subsidies. World Economy. June: 14(2):139–164.
Smith, C. and Beckmann, S. L. (1991). Exports of pesticides from U.S. ports in (1990): focus on restricted pesticide exports. Los Angeles, Foundation for Advancements in Science and Education.
Sorsa, P. (1992). GATT and environment: basic issues and some developing country concerns. (447–472)in Low, P. (ed.) International Trade and the Environment. Washington, D.C., The World Bank.
Summers, L. (1992). Foreword (iii–v)in Low, P. (ed.) International trade and the environment. Washington, DC. The World Bank.
Thomas, V. & Nash, J. (1991). Best practices in trade policy. New York, Oxford University Press.
Tietenberg, T. (1990). The poverty connection to environmental policy. Challenge 33(5):6–32.
Tobey, J. (1991). Effects of environmental policy towards agriculture on trade: some considerations. Food Policy. (UK). 16:90–94.
Tobey, J. (1990). The effects of domestic environmental policies on patterns of world trade: an empirical test. Kyklos. 43(2):191–209.
Tully, S. (1989). What the greens mean for business. Fortune 120(9):159–164.
Ulph, A. (1990). Choice of environmental policy instruments and strategic international trade. University of Southampton. Dept of Economics. Discussion Papers in Economics and Econometrics. (UK). 9012.
UN, (1992). Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General. New York, United Nations E.92.V.4,92-1-133423-3.
UN, (1992). World Investment Report 1992: Transnational corporations as engines of growth. New York, United Nations E.92.ll.A.19.
UNCTAD. (1991). Environment and international trade. Report by the Secretary General of UNCTAD. Geneva.
UNDP, (1992). Human development report. New York, UNDP.
U.S. Congress, (1991). Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Economic and environmental implications of the proposed trade agreement with Mexico. Joint Hearing, 102nd Congress, 1st session 23 Apr. and 8 May, U.S., Govt Printing Office.
Utne Reader. (1991). Trading our way to devastation. March–April.
Veenendaal and J. Opschoor, (1986). Botswana's beef exports to the EEC: Economic develop- ment at the expense of a deteriorating environment. Free University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam.
Verbruggen, H. (1991). Contours of a sustainable international trade system. Internationale Spectator (Netherlands) 45:686–691.
Wallach, L. (1991). The Dec. 20, 1991 Uruguay Round “Final Act” text is worse than expected on environmental, health, and consumer issues. Public Citizen, Memorandum. December 26.
Weiss, E. B. (1992). Environment and trade as partners in sustainable development: a commentary. American Journal of International Law 86(4): 728–735.
Whalley, J. (1991). Interface between environmental and trade policies. Economic Journal of the Royal Economic Society (UK) 101:180–189.
World Bank News. (1992). Free trade can benefit all countries, Bank official says. February 20.
World Bank (1989). World Bank support for the environment: a progress report. Development Committee paper 22:41.
World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). WCED (The Brundtland Commission) Our common future. New York, Oxford University Press.
World Commission on Environment and Development, (1992). Our Common Future reconvened. London.
Young, M. (1992). Sustainable investment and resource use: equity, environmental integrity, economic efficiency. Man and Biosphere MAB/UNESCO. Paris.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Part II will appear inPopulation and Environment 15(6).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Daly, H., Goodland, R. An ecological-economic assessment of deregulation of international commerce under GATT Part I. Popul Environ 15, 395–427 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02208320
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02208320