Skip to main content
Log in

A nonstandard model

  • Part II. Invited Papers Dedicated To Asim Orhan Barut
  • Published:
Foundations of Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An elementary-particle picture developed primarily by Barut as an alternative to the standard model is re-examined. This model is formulated on the basis of strong short-range magnetic interactions among the stable particles (p, e, v) and at present is able to account qualitatively for most of the known phenomena.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Langacker and A. K. Mann, “The unification of electromagnetism with the weak force,”Phys. Today 42(12), 22 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  2. E. Fermi, “Versuch einer Theorie der β-Strahlen,”Z. Phys. 88, 161 1934).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. D. Bjorken, “Neutral-current results without gauge theories,”Phys. Rev. D 19, 335 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  4. P. Q. Hung and J. J. Sakurai, “γ-W 0 mixing as an alternative to unified weak-electromagnetic gauge theories,”Nucl. Phys. B 143, 81 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Z. Maki, M. Nakagawa, Y. Ohnuki, and S. Sakata, “A unified model for elementary particles,”Prog. Theor. Phys. 23, 1174 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. C. Pati, A. Salam, and J. Strathdee, “Are quarks composite?,”Phys. Lett. B 59, 265 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  7. E. Nowak, J. Sucher, and C. H. Woo, “Can leptons give flavor to hadrons?”Phys. Rev. D 16, 2874 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. Pauli, “Letter to the Tübingen Radioactivity Group, 4 December 1930,” inCollected Scientific Papers by Wolfgang Pauli, R. Kronig and V. F. Weisskopf, eds. (Wiley, New York, 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. F. Carlson and J. R. Oppenheimer, “The impacts of fast electrons and magnetic neutrons,”Phys. Rev. 41, 763 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. Bethe, “Ionization power of a neutrino with magnetic moment,”Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 31, 108 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  11. F. Rasetti and E. Fermi, “Sopra l'elettrone rotante,”Nuovo Cimento 3, 226 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. F. O'Connell, “The Gravitational Field of the Electron,”Phys. Lett. A 32, 402 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  13. W. Dietz and C. Hoenselaers, “Stationary system of two masses kept apart by their gravitational spin-spin interaction,”Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 779 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. R. O'Fallon, L. G. Ratner, P. F. Schultz, K. Abe, R. C. Fernow, A.D. Krisch, T. A. Mulera, A. J. Salthouse, B. Sandler, K. M. Terwilliger, D. G. Crabb, and P. H. Hansen, “Spin-spin interactions in high-p 2 elasticp – p scattering,”Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 733 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. D. Krisch, “The Spin of the Proton,”Sci. Am. 240(5), 68 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Voloshin, M. Vysotskii, and L. B. Okun, “Neutrino electrodynamics and possible consequences for solar neutrinos,”Sov. Phys. JETP 64, 446 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  17. C. S. Lim and W. Marciano, “Resonant spin-flavor precession of solar and supernova neutrinos,”Phys. Rev. D 37, 1368 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  18. W. T. Grandy, Jr.,Relativistic Quantum Mechanics of Leptons and Fields (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  19. E. Predazzi and T. Regge, “The maximum analyticity principle in the angular momentum,”Nuovo Cimento 24, 518 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. O. Barut, “Magnetic resonances between massive and massless spin-1/2 particles with magnetic moments,”J. Math. Phys. 21, 568 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. O. Barut, M. Berrondo, and G. Garciá-Calderón', “Narrow resonances as an eigenvalue problem and applications to high energy magnetic resonances: An exactly soluble model,”J. Math. Phys. 21, 1851 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  22. C.-Y. Wong and R. L. Becker, “Scalar magnetic (e ü e ) resonance as possible source of an anomalouse ü peak in heavy-ion collisions,”Phys. Lett. B 182, 251 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. O. Barut and J. Kraus, “Solution of the Dirac equation with Coulomb and magnetic moment interactions,”J. Math. Phys. 17, 506 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. O. Barut, “The electron-positron system at short distances,”Z. Phys. A 336, 317 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  25. F. Wilczek, “Quantum chromodynamics: The modern theory of the strong interaction,”Annu. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 32, 177 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. C. Corben, “Classical quantum motion of a particle with spin,”Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 4, 374 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. Schild, “Electromagnetic two-body problem,”Phys. Rev. 131, 2762 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Y. Han and Y. Nambu, “Three-triplet model with doubleSU(3) symmetry,”Phys. Rev. B 139, 1006 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  29. K. Berkelman, “Direct experimental evidence for constituents in the nucleon from electromagnetic scattering experiments,” inHigh-Energy Physics in the Einstein Centennial Year, B. Kursunoglu, A. Perlmutter, E. Krausz, and L. F. Scott, eds. (Plenum, New York, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Yu. Ignat'ev, V. A. Kuz'min, V. A. Matveev, A. N. Tavkhelidze, K. G. Chetyrkin, and M. E. Shaposnikov,Teor. Mat. Fiz. 47, 147 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. O. Barut, “Stable particles as building blocks of matter,”Surv. High Energy Phys. 1, 113 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. O. Barut, “Description and interpretation of the internal symmetries of hadrons as an exchange symmetry,”Physica A 114, 221 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. O. Barut, “Particle physics based on stable particles as constituents,” inQuantum Theory and Structure of Space-Time, Vol. 5, L. Castellet al., eds. (Hauser, Munich, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. O. Barut, “How to build hadron multiplets from stable particles,” inLecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 94 (Springer, Berlin, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  35. A. O. Barut and A. J. Bracken, “Magnetic-moment operator of the relativistic electron,”Phys. Rev. D 24, 3333 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. V. Domogatskii and D. K. Nadezhin, “Modern theory of stellar evolution and the experiments of F. Reines onve scattering detection,”Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 12, 678 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. O. Barut, Z. Z. Aydin, and I. H. Duru, “Upper limit on the magnetic moment of the neutrino,”Phys. Rev. D 26, 1794 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. O. Barut, Z. Z. Aydin, and I. H. Duru, “Photoproduction of a neutrino pair from an electron and astrophysical implications of neutrino-emission processes,”Phys. Rev. D 32, 3051 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  39. A. O. Barut and Z. Z. Aydin, “Angular distribution in electron-neutrino scattering and the anomalous magnetic moment of the neutrino,”Nuovo Cimento A 101, 677 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. O. Barut, “The mass of the muon,”Phys. Lett. B 73, 310 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. O. Barut, “Lepton mass formula,”Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1251 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ya. Zel'dovich and A. D. Sakharov, “The quark structure and masses of strongly interacting particles,”Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 4, 283 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  43. A. O. Barut and G. L. Strobel, “Composite models of pion and muon and a calculation of the Fermi coupling constant from their decay,”Kinam 4, 151 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  44. A. O. Barut and S. A. Basri, “Connection between the stable-particle model and the integrally charged quark model,”Lett. Nuovo Cimento 35, 200 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  45. M. Gell-Mann and A. Pais, “Behavior of neutral particles under charge conjugation,”Phys. Rev. 97, 1387 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Y. Nir and H. R. Quinn, “CP violation inB physics,”Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Phys. 42, 211 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  47. R. P. Feynman, “The development of the space-time view of quantum electrodynamics,”Science 153, 699 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  48. O. Lodge, “Speculations concerning the positive electron,”Nature (London) 110, 696 (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  49. I. Tamm, “Exchange forces between neutrons and protons, and Fermi's theory,”Nature (London) 133, 981 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  50. D. Iwanenko, “Interaction of neutrons and protons,”Nature (London) 133, 981 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  51. S. A. Basri and A. O. Barut, “Elementary particle states based on the Clifford algebra C7,”Int. J. Theor. Phys. 22, 691 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  52. K. M. Case, R. Karplus, and C. N. Yang, “Strange particles and the conservation of isotopic spin,”Phys. Rev. 101, 874 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  53. T. T. Wu and C. N. Yang, “Concept of nonintegrable phase factors and global formulation of gauge fields,”Phys. Rev. D 12, 3845 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grandy, W.T. A nonstandard model. Found Phys 23, 439–460 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01883722

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01883722

Keywords

Navigation