Abstract
Cubic liquid crystalline phases are common in surfactant and surfactant-like lipid systems at temperatures above the Krafft point. They are optically isotropic and very stiff. Therefore, they are often not recognized as independent phases and separated in pure state. The liquid crystalline nature is evidenced by a low-angle diffraction pattern with sharp reflections having Bragg-values above 20 Å coupled with a diffuse wide-angle reflection at 4.5 Å, proving that the hydrocarbon moiety is in a liquid state. The cubic phases occur in a variety of lipid/water systems (also with liquid organic solvents), such as simple soaps, amphiphilic lipids of biological origin, and extracts from membrane lipids. The location of the cubic phases in a phase diagram varies.
The original concept of a cubic structure composed of closed globular aggregates, either of “oil-in-water” or “water-in-oil” type in face-centered array seems to be obsolete. The present structure concepts include closed anisotropic aggregates, short rod-like aggregates forming continuous networks or lamellar aggregates with “zero” curvature forming networks of Infinite Periodic Minimal Surfaces (IPMS). The structure is mostly primitive or body-centered cubic.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Luzzati V, Mustacchi H, Skoulios A (1958) Disc Farad Soc 25:43
Luzzati V, Mustacchi H, Skoulios A, Husson F (1960) Acta Cryst 13:660
Husson F, Mustacchi H, Luzzati V (1960) Acta Cryst 13:668
Luzzati V (1968) In: Chapman D (ed) Biological Membranes. Academic Press, New York San Francisco London, Chap 3
Winsor PA (1968) Chem Rev 68:1
Winsor PA (1974) In: Gray GW, Winsor PA (eds) Liquid Crystals & Plastic Crystals. Ellis Horwood, Vol 1, Chap 5
Tiddy GJT (1980) Physics Report 57:1
Ekwall P (1975) In: Brown GH (ed) Advances in Liquid Crystals. Academic Press, New York San Francisco London, Vol I, p 1
Fontell K (1974) In: Gray GW, Winsor PA (eds) Liquid Crystals & Plastic Crystals. Ellis Horwood, Vol 2, Chap 4
Fontell K (1981) Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst 63:59
Balmbra RR, Clunie JS, Goodman JF (1969) Nature 222:1159
Balmbar RR, Clunie JS, Goodman JF (1965) Proc Roy Soc A285:534
Rogers J, Winsor PA (1967) Nature 216:477
Curat JL, Perron R (1977) Chem Phys Lipids 19:301
Kékicheff P, Cabane B (1987) J Physique 48:1571
Kékicheff P (1989) J Colloid Interface Sci 131:133
Kékicheff P, Gabrielle-Madelmont R, Ollivon M (1989) J Colloid Interface Sci 131:112
Winsor PA (1971) Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst 12:141
Ekwall P, Mandell L, Fontell K (1970) J Colloid Interface Sci 33:215
Fontell K (1973) J Colloid Interface Sci 43:156
Gray GW, Winsor PA (1974) Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst 26:305
Spegt PA, Skoulios AE (1966) Acta Cryst 21:892
Ekwall P, Mandell L, Fontell K (1969) J Colloid Interface Sci 31:508
Fontell K, Mandell L, Ekwall P (1968) Acta Chem Scand 22:3209
Ekwall P, Mandell L, Fontell K (1969) Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst 8:157
Luzzati V, Reiss-Husson F (1966) Nature 210:1351
Luzzati V, Tardieu A, Gulik-Krzywicki T, Rivas E, Reiss-Husson F (1968) Nature 220:485
Luzzati V, Spegt PA (1967) Nature 215:701
Luzzati V, Tardieu A, Gulik-Krzywicki T (1968) Nature 217:1028
Bergenståhl B, Jönsson A, Sjöblom J, Stenius P, Wärnheim T (1987) Progr Colloid Polym Sci 74:108
Fontell K, Fox KK, Hansson E (1985) Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst Letters 1:9
Wärnheim T, Jönsson A (1988) J Colloid Interface Sci 125:627
Backlund S, Bergenståhl B, Molander O, Wärnheim T (1989) J Colloid Interface Sci 131:393
Wolff T, von Bünau G (1984) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 88:1098
Khan A, Fontell K, Lindblom G (1982) J Phys Chem 86:383
Maciejewska D, Khan A, Lindman B (1987) Proc Colloid Polym Sci 73:174
Mitchell JD, Tiddy GJT, Waring L, Bostock T, McDonald MP (1983) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans I 79:975
Jahns E, Finkelmann H (1987) Colloid Polym Sci 265:304
Mandell L (1963) Finska Kem Samf Medd 72:49; (1965) In: Ekwall P, Groth K, Runnström-Reio V (eds) Surface Chemistry. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, p 185
Tiddy GJT, Rendall K, Galsworthy P (1982) Mol Cryst Liquid ryst (Letters) 77:147
Jousma H, Bowstra JA, Spies F, Junginger HE (1987) Colloid olym Sci 265:830
Laughlin RG (1976) J Colloid Interface Sci 55:239
Friberg S, Mandell L, Fontell K (1969) Acta Chem Scand 23:1055
Friberg S, Mandell L, Fontell K (1970) J Am Oil Chemist Soc 47:149
Söderlund H, Sjöblom J, Wärnheim T (1989) J Dispersion Science Technology 10:131
Laughlin RG, Manion RL (1987) J Phys Chem 91:3299
Clunie JS, Corkill JM, Goodman JF (1965) Proc Roy Soc A285:520
Lawson KD, Mabis AJ, Flautt TJ (1968) J Phys Chem 72:2058
Corkill JM, Goodman JF (1969) Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2:298
Lutton ES (1966) J Am Oil Chemist Soc 43:28
Laughlin RG (1978) In: Brown GH (ed) Advances in Liquid Crystals. Academic Press, New York San Francisco London, Vol 3, p 99
Söderman O, Carlström G, Monduzzi M, Olsson U (1988) Langmuir 4:1039
Lutton ES (1965) J Am Oil Chemist Soc 42:1068
Larsson K (1967) Z Physik Chemie NF 56:173
Larsson K (1983) Nature 304:664
Ljusberg-Wahren H, Herslöf M, Larsson K (1983) Chem Phys Lipids 33:211
Larsson K, Gabrielsson K, Lundberg B (1978) J Sci Fd Agr 29:909
Larsson K, Fontell K, Krog N (1980) Chem Phys Lipids 27:321
Larsson K (1972) Chem Phys Lipids 9:181
Abrahamsson S, Pasher I, Larsson K, Karlsson K-A (1972) Chem Phys Lipids 8:152
Eriksson P-O, Lindblom G, Arvidson G (1987) J Phys Chem 91:846
Arvidson G, Brentel I, Khan A, Lindblom G, Fontell K (1985) Eur J Biochem 152:753
Eriksson P-O, Lindblom G, Arvidson G (1985) J Phys Chem 89:1050
Reiss-Husson F (1967) J Mol Biol 25:363
Luzzati V, Gulik-Krzywicki T, Tardieu A (1968) Nature 218:1031
Bergenståhl B, Stenius P (1987) J Phys Chem 91:5944
Sjölund M, Lindblom G, Rilfors L, Arvidson G (1987) Biophys J 52:145
Sjölund M, Rilfors L, Lindblom G (1989) Biochemistry 28:1328
Chapman D, Williams RM, Ladbrooke BD (1967) Chem Phys Lipids 1:445
Small DM, Bourgès M, Dervichian DG (1966) Nature 211:816
Small DM (1966) Biochim Biophys Acta 125:563
Small DM, Bourgès M (1966) Mol Cryst 1:541
Small DM (1967) J Lipid Research 8:551
Bergenståhl B, Fontell K (1983) Progr Colloid Polym Sci 68:48
Rand RP, Tinker DO, Fast PG (1971) Chem Phys Lipids 6:333
Rilfors L, Khan A, Brentel I, Wieslander Å, Lindblom G (1982) FEBS Letters 149:293
Seddon JM, Cevc G, Kaye RD, Marsh D (1984) Biochemistry 23:2634
Shyamansunder E, Gruner SM, Tate MW, Turner DC, So PTC, Tilcock CPS (1988) Biochemistry 27:2339
Gruner SM, Tate MW, Kirk GL, So PTC, Turner DC, Keane DT, Tilcock CPS, Cullis PR (1988) Biochemistry 27:2853
Rivas E, Luzzati V (1969) J Mol Biol 41:261
Lindblom G, Johansson L, Wennerström H, Fontell K, Arvidson G, Wieslander Å, Rilfors L (1980) 9th Int Conf Magn Res Biol Syst (Comabio 9), Abstract
Wieslander Å, Rilfors L, Johansson LB-Å, Lindblom G (1981) Biochemistry 20:730
Brentel I, Selstam E, Lindblom G (1985) Biochim Biophys Acta 812:816
Lindblom G, Brentel I, Sjölund M, Wikander G, Wieslander Å (1986) Biochemistry 25:7502
Gulik A, Luzzati V, De Rosa M, Gambacorta A (1985) J Mol Biol 182:131
Luzzati V, Gulik A, De Rosa M, Gambacorta A (1987) Chemica Scripta 27B:211
Gulik A, Luzzati V, De Rosa M, Gambacorta A (1988) J Mol Biol 201:429
Kilpatrick PK, Bogard MA (1988) Langmuir 4:790
Spegt PA, Skoulios AE, Luzzati V (1961) Acta Cryst 14:866
Pesheck CV, O'Neill KJ, Osborne DW (1987) J Colloid Interface Sci 119:289
Osborne DW, Ward AJI, O'Neill KJ (1988) Drug Dev Ind Pharm 14:1203
Fontell K (1975) In: Mittal KL (ed) Colloidal Dispersions and Micellar Behavior. ACS Symposium Series 9:270
Small DM (1968) J Am Oil Chemist Soc 45:108
La Mesa C, Khan A, Fontell K, Lindman B (1985) J Colloid Interface Sci 103:373
Svärd M, Schurtenberger P, Fontell K, Jönsson BE, Lindman B (1988) J Phys Chem 92:2261
Charvolin J, Mely B (1978) Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst (Letters) 41:209
Cistola DP, Hamilton JA, Jackson D, Small DM (1988) Biochemistry 27:1881
Fontell K, Jansson M (1988) Progr Colloid Polym Sci 76:169
Larche FC (1986) MS, Montpellier
Fontell K, Ceglie A, Lindman B, Ninham B (1986) Acta Chem Scand A40:247
Kuneida H, Shinoda K (1978) J Phys Chem 82:1710
Bouwstra JA, Jousma H, van der Meulen MM, Vijverberg CC, Goris GS, Spies F, Junginger HE (1989) Colloid Polym Sci 267:531
Gutman H, Arvidson G, Fontell K, Lindblom G (1984) In: Mittal KL, Lindman B (eds) Surfactant in Solution. Plenum, New York London, Vol 1, p 143
Ericsson B, Larsson K, Fontell K (1983) Biochim Biophys Acta 729:23
Buchheim W, Larsson K (1987) J Colloid Interface Sci 117:582
Larsson K, Lindblom G (1982) J Dispersion Science Technology 3:61
Mariani P, Luzzati V, Delacroix H (1988) J Mol Biol 204:165
Rädler JO, Radiman S, De Valera A, Toprakcoglu C (1989) Physica B 156 and 157:398
Lindblom G, Rilfors L (1989) Biochim Biophys Acta 988:221
Müller-Goymann C (1984) Pharmaceutical Research 4:154
Usselmann B, Müller-Goymann CC (1984) Progr Colloid Polym Sci 69:56
Müller-Goymann CC (1984) Seifen — Fette — Öle — Wachse 110:395
Müller-Goymann CC (1985) Pharm Z 130:682
Nürnberg E, Pohler W (1984) Progr Colloid Polym Sci 69:48
Engström S, Landh T, Ljunger G (1989) Proc 5th Int Conf Pharm Techn, Paris, Abstract
Jousma H, Joosten JGH, Junginger HE (1988) Colloid Polym Sci 266:640
Siegel DP (1986) Biophys J 49:1155
Siegel DP (1986) Chem Phys Lipids 42:279
Rilfors L, Lindblom G, Wieslander Å, Christianson A (1984) In: Kates M, Manson LA (eds) Membrane Fluidity, Plenum, New York London, p 209
Verkleij AJ, Mombers C, Leunissen-Bijvelt J, Ververgaert PHJT (1979) Nature 279:162
Verkleij AJ (1984) Biochim Biophys Acta 779:43
Larsson K (1989) J Phys Chem 93:7304
Luzzati V, Mariani P, Gulik-Krzywicki T (1987) Springer Proc Phys 21:131
Luzzati V, Mariani P, Delacroix H (1988) Makromol Chemie, Macromol Symp 15:1
Rosevear FB (1968) J Soc Cosmetic Chemists 19:581
Bohlin L, Ljusberg-Wahren H, Miezis Y (1984) J Colloid Interface Sci 103:294
Patton JS, Carey MC (1979) Science 204:145
Lindström M, Ljusberg-Wahren H, Larsson K, Borgström B (1981) Lipids 16:749
Tabony J (1986) Nature 319:400
de Geyer A, Tabony J (1987) Springer Proc Phys 21:372
Lawson DK, Flautt TJ (1968) J Phys Chem 72:2066
Charvolin J, Rigny P (1969) J Physique 30:C4; (1971) J Magn Res 4:40
Bull T, Lindman B (1974) Mol Cryst Liquid Cryst 28:155
Lindblom G, Wennerström H (1977) Biophys Chem 6:167
Lindblom G, Wennerström H (1977) Int J Quant Chem XII suppl 2:153
Lindblom G, Larsson K, Johansson LB-Å, Fontell K, Forsén S (1979) J Am Chem Soc 101:5465
Rilfors L, Eriksson P-O, Arvidson G, Lindblom G (1986) Biochemistry 25:7702
Tardieu A, Luzzati V (1970) Biochim Biophys Acta 219:11
Eriksson P-O, Khan A, Lindblom G (1982) J Phys Chem 86:387
Helfrich W (1981) In: Balian R (ed) Amphiphilic mesophases made of defects. Physics of Defects, North-Holland, Amsterdam, p 716
Harbich W, Servuss RM, Helfrich W (1978) Z Naturforsch 33:1013
Jordan TH, Streib WE, Lipscomb WN (1964) J Chem Phys 41:760
Jordan TH, Streib WE, Smith HW, Lipscomb WN (1964) Acta Cryst 17:777
Cromer DT, Mills RL, Schiferl D, Schwalbe LA (1981) Acta Cryst B37:8
Johansson LB-Å, Söderman O (1987) J Phys Chem 91:5275
Eriksson P-O, Rilfors L, Lindblom G, Arvidson G (1985) Chem Phys Lipids 37:357
Söderman O, Walderhaug H, Henriksson U, Stilbs P (1985) J Phys Chem 89:3693
Söderman O, Henriksson U (1987) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans I 83:1515
Lindblom G, Rilfors L, Brentel I, Eriksson P-O, Sjölund M, Wikander G, Arvidson G, Wieslander Å (1987) Chemica Scripta 27B:221
Charvolin J, Sadoc J-F (1988) J Physique 49:521
Charvolin J, Sadoc J-F (1988) J Phys Chem 92:5787
Johansson LB-Å, Lindblom G (1983) J Chem Phys 78:1519
Longley W, McIntosh TJ (1983) Nature 303:612
Hyde ST, Andersson S, Ericsson B, Larsson K (1984) Z Kristallogr 168:213
Larsson K (1986) J Colloid Interface Sci 113:299
Sadoc J-F, Charvolin J (1989) Acta Cryst A45:10
Larsson K (1988) J Colloid Interface Sci 122:298
Andersson S, Hyde ST, Larsson K, Lidin S (1988) Chem Rev 88:221
Tardieu A, Gulik-Krzywicki T, Reiss-Husson F, Luzzati V (1969) British Biophysical Society Meeting on Biophysics of Membranes, Brimingham, Abstract
Anderson DM (1986) Thesis, University of Minnesota
Rançon Y, Charvolin J (1987) J Physique 48:1067
Rançon Y, Charvolin J (1988) J Phys Chem 92:2646
Rançon Y, Charvolin J (1988) J Phys Chem 92:6339
Gulik-Krzywicki T, Aggerbeck LP, Larsson K (1984) In: Mittal KL, Lindman B (eds) Surfactants in Solution. Plenum, New York London, Vol 1, p 237
Haering G, Luisi PL (1986) J Phys Chem 90:5892
Daum U, Wei G, Luisi PL (1988) Colloid Polym Sci 266:657
Quellet C, Eicke HF (1986) Chimia 40:233
Quellet C, Eicke HF (1987) J Phys Chem 91:4212
Hoffmann H, Ebert G (1988) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 27:902
Ebert G, Platz G, Rehage H (1988) (Bunsen Tagung, Göttingen 1987) MS, in press
Suzuki T, Takei H, Yamazaki S (1988) J Colloid Interface Sci 129:491
Sebba F (1971) J Colloid Interface Sci 35:643
Sebba F (1972) J Colloid Interface Sci 40:460
Begeron V, Sebba F (1987) Langmuir 3:857
Princen HM (1988) Langmuir 4:486
McLachlan LA, Natusch DFS, Newman RH (1971) J Magn Resonance 4:358
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fontell, K. Cubic phases in surfactant and surfactant-like lipid systems. Colloid & Polymer Sci 268, 264–285 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01490251
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01490251