Skip to main content
Log in

Chromosome analysis and DNA homology in threePicea species,P. mariana, P. rubens, andP. glauca (Pinaceae)

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A detailed karyotype analysis was made on the somatic complement ofPicea rubens andP. glauca. B-chromosomes were observed in someP. glauca populations. The karyotypes are generally asymmetrical with most of the chromosomes having median to median-submedian centromeres.Picea glauca chromosomes 2, 3, 7, and 8 have secondary constriction on their short arm and chromosome 10 has a secondary constriction on the long arm. Chromosome 3 was the most easily identifiable, as it has two secondary constrictions located on the short arm. InP. rubens, all the chromosomes but chromosomes 8 and 9 have one to four distinctive secondary constrictions. In general, the diagrammatic comparisons show a high degree of similarity amongP. mariana, P. rubens, andP. glauca. GenomicP. mariana probe strongly hybridized to dots of genomic DNA fromP. rubens andP. glauca indicating that there is a high sequence homology among these three species. The synchronizing agent, hydroxyurea was used at different concentrations to enhance the mitotic index of cell suspensions derived from embryogenic cultures. Hydroxyurea at 1.25 mM increased significantly the mitotic index. An increase of hydroxyurea from 1.25 mM to 5 mM and 10 mM resulted in a steady decrease of mitotic index.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bobola, M. S., Eckert, R. T., Klein, A. S., 1992: Restriction fragment variation in nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat unit within and betweenPicea rubens andPicea mariana. — Canad. J. Forest Res.22: 255–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G., Amarasinghe, V., Kiss, G., Carlson, J. E., 1993: Preliminary karyotype and chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA sites in white spruce using fluorescence in situ hybridization. — Genome36: 310–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheliak, W. M., Klimaszewska, K., 1991: Genetic variation in somatic embryogenic response in open-pollination families of black spruce. — Theor. Appl. Genet.82: 185–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, D. B., 1951: A significance test for differences between ranked treatments in analysis of variance. — Vancouver J. Sci.2: 171–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dvorak, J., Zhang, H. B., 1990: Variation in repeated nucleotide sequences sheds light on the phylogeny of the wheat B and G genomes. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA87: 9640–9644.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. G., 1976: The taxonomy and genetics ofPicea rubens and its relationship toPicea mariana. — Canad. J. Bot.54: 781–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hizume, M., 1988: Karyomorphological studies in the familyPinaceae. — Mem. Fac. Educ. Ehime Univ. Ser. 3, Nat. Sci.8: 1–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1991: Variation of fluorescent chromosome bands inPicea brachytyla var.complanata collected in Yunnan, China. — Kromosomo II63–64: 2149–2158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruklis, M. V., 1971: Supplementary chromosomes in gymnosperms (inPicea obovata Lbd. as an example). — Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSr., Ser. Biol.196: 44–47 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levan, A., Fredga, K., Sandberg, A. A., 1964: Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. — Hereditas42: 201–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litvay, J. D., Johnson, M. A., Verma, D., Einspahr, D., Wergrand, K., 1981: Conifer suspension culture medium development using analytical data from developing seeds. — Tech. Pap. Series, Judt. Paper. Chem., Appleton, WI, USA115: 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniatis, T., Fitsch, E. F., Sambrook, J., 1982: Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. — Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manley, S. A., 1971: Identification of red, black and hybrid spruces. — Canad. Forest. Serv. Publ.1301. — Ottawa: Canad. Dept. Fish. Forest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattews, B. F., 1993: Isolation of mitotic chromosomes from partially synchronized carrot (D. carota) cell suspension culture. — Pl. Sci. Lett.31: 165–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mergen, E., Burley, J., 1964:Abies karyotype analysis. — Silvae Genet.13: 63–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzlafe, M., Troebner, W., Baldauf, F., Schlegel, R., Cullum, J., 1986: Wheat specific repetitive DNA sequences — construction and characterization of four different genomic clones. — Theor. Appl. Genet.72: 207–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mii, M., Praveen, K., Fowke, L. C., King, J., 1987: Isolation of chromosomes from cell suspension cultures ofVicia hajastana. — Cytologia52: 523–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moir, R. B., Fox, D. P., 1976: Supernumerary chromosomes and growth rate inPicea abies (Bong.)Carr. — Silvae Genet.25: 139–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern, E. K., 1962: Note on chromosome morphology inPicea rubens Sarg. andPicea mariana (Mill.) B.S.R. — Silvae Genet.11: 163–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosseler, A., Egger, K. N., Hugues, G. A., 1992: Low level of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. — Canad. J. Forest Res.22: 1332–1337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkongolo, K. K., Klimaszewska, K., 1994: Karyotype analysis and optimization of mitotic index inPicea mariana (black spruce) preparations from seedling root tips and embryogenic cultures. — Heredity73: 11–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1995: Cytological and molecular characterization ofLarix decidua, L. leptolepis andL. ×eurolepis: identification of species specific chromosomes and enhancement of mitotic index. — Theor. Appl. Genet.90: 827–834.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramulu, K. S., Dijkhuis, P., Famelaer, I., Cardi, T., Verhoeven, H. A., 1993: Isolation of sub-diploid microprotoplasts for partial genome transfer in plants: enhancement of micronucleation and enrichment of microprotoplasts with one or a few chromosomes. — Planta190: 190–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saylor, L. C., 1983: Karyotype analysis of the genusPinus — subgenusStrobus. — Silvae Genet.32: 119–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlarbaum, S. E., Tsuchiya, T., 1984: Cytotaxonomy and phylogeny in certain species ofTaxodiaceae. — Pl. Syst. Evol.147: 29–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1983: Chromosome studies ofMetasequoia glyptostroboides andTaxodium distichum. — Bot. Gaz.114: 559–565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, I., Dolezel, L., Houben, A., Scherthan, H., Wanner, G., 1993: Refined examination of plant metaphase chromosome structure at different levels made feasible by new isolation methods. — Chromosoma102: 96–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzacher, T., Leitch, A. R., Bennett, M. D., Heslop-Harrison, J. S., 1989: In situ localization of parental genomes in a wide hybrid. — Ann. Bot.64: 315–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simak, M., 1964: Karyotype analysis of Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica Ledb. andLarix sukaczewii Dyl.). — Stud. Forest. Suec.17: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R. J., 1993: Plant cytogenetics. — Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, G. L., 1971: Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. — California: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teoh, S. B., Rees, H., 1977: B-chromosomes in white spruce. — Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. Biol. Sci.198: 325–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terasmaa, T., 1971: Karyotype analysis of Norway spruce,Picea abies (L.)Karst. — Silvae Genet.20: 179–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjio, J. H., Hagberg, A., 1951: Cytological studies on some X-ray mutants of barley. — Anales Aula Dei2: 149–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R. C., 1970: Chemical evidence of species relationships for northeastern North American spruces. — Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yukong, L., Maoxue, L., 1985: Karyotype analysis of five species of genusPicea. — J. Wuhan Bot. Res.3: 203–207 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nkongolo, K.K. Chromosome analysis and DNA homology in threePicea species,P. mariana, P. rubens, andP. glauca (Pinaceae). Pl Syst Evol 203, 27–40 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00985235

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00985235

Key words

Navigation