Abstract
High levels of immunity toAnaplasma marginale were induced in cattle either by vaccination using sonically disruptedA. marginale-infected erythrocytes or by repeated infection with different strains of the rickettsia. In both instances, high levels of anti-A. marginale antibody were detected in the sera of the immune cattle by immunoblotting. Serum from one animal that had been made immune by repeated infection was transferred intravenously toA. marginale-susceptible calves (three non-splenectomised and two splenectomised) undergoing initialA. marginale infection at serum doses of 2–10 ml/kg. Neither the course nor the outcome of infection as indicated by the parasite levels attained or the level of anaemia induced was altered in the calves that received the immune serum relative to the course or outcome of infection in control calves (two non-splenectomised and two splenectomised) that received serum from anA. marginale-naive donor animal. In a similar experiment, a pool of sera from four steers that had been vaccinated with sonically disruptedA. marginale initial bodies was transfused into two intactA. marginale-susceptible calves during the early stage ofA. marginale infection at a dose of 10 ml/kg. No difference was observed in the course or outcome of infection in these calves relative to the course or outcome of infection in the two non-splenectomised calves that were transfused with non-immune serum. The failure of serum obtained from animals that had been made immune toA. marginale either by infection or by vaccination with disrupted initial bodies to confer any protection against infection following its transfer into splenectomised or non-splenectomised naive calves indicates that antibody per se is not a significant factor in immunity to this parasite.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
Buening GM (1973) The role of cell mediated immunity in anaplasmosis infections. In: Jones EW (ed)) Proceedings of the Sixth National Anaplasmosis Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada. Heritage Press, Stillwater, Oklahoma pp 71–77
Buening GM (1976) Cell-mediated immune response in anaplasmosis as measured by micro cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay and lymphocytemigration inhibition test. Am J Vet Res 37:1215–1218
Buzoni-Gatel D, Bernard F, Anderson A, Rodolakis A (1990) Protective effect of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against abortion in mice infected byChlamydia psittiaci. Vaccine 8:342–346
Conrad PA, Iams K, Brown WC, Sohanpal B, ole-Moi Yoi OK (1987) DNA probes detect genomic diversity inTheileria parva stocks. Mol Biochem Parasitol 25:213–226
Corrier DE, Wagner GG, Adams LG (1981) Recrudescence ofAnaplasma marginale induced by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. Am J Vet Res 42:19–21
Cox ER, Dimopoullos GT (1972) Demonstration of an autoantibody associated with anaplasmosis. Am J Vet Res 33:76–76
Dennis RA, O'Hara PJ, Young MF, Dorris KD (1970) Neonatal immunohemolytic anaemia and icterus of calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 156:1861–1869
Duzgun A, Schuntner C, Wright IG, Waltisbuhl DJ (1988) A sensitive ELISA technique for the diagnosis ofAnaplasma marginale infections. Vet Parasitol 29:1–7
Kuttler KL, Zaugg JL, Johnson LW (1984) Serologic and clinical responses of preimmunised, vaccinated and previously exposed cattle to challenge exposure by two differentAnaplasma marginale isolates. Am J Vet Res 45:2223–2226
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685
Mahoney DF, Kerr JD, Goodger BV, Wright IG (1979) The immune response of cattle toBabesia bovis (syn.B. argentina). Studies on the nature and specificity of protection. Int J Parasitol 9:297–306
Mann H, Ristic M (1963) Anaplasmosis: XIII. Studies concerning the nature of autoimmunity. Am J Vet Res 32:1221–1228
Montenegro-James S, James MA, Toro Benitez M, Leon E, Baek BK, Guillen AT (1991) Efficacy of purifiedAnaplasma marginale initial bodies as a vaccine against anaplasmosis. Parasitol Res 77:93–101
Palmer GH (1989) Anaplasma vaccines. In: Wright IG (ed) Veterinary protozoan and hemoparasite vaccines. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1–29
Palmer GH, McGuire TC (1984) Immune serum againstAnaplasma marginale initial bodies neutralises infectivity for cattle. J Immunol 133:1010–1015
Palmer GH, Waghela SD, Barbet AF, Davis WC, McGuire TC (1987) Characterisation of a neutralisation sensitive epitope on the Am 105 surface protein ofAnaplasma marginale. Int J Parasitol 17:1279–1285
Ristic M (1968) Anaplasmosis. In: Weinman D, Ristic M (eds) Infections blood diseases of man and animals. Academic Press, New York, pp 473–542
Ristic M (1973) Mechanisms of immune response to an attenuatedAnaplasma marginole vaccine. In: Jones EW (ed) Proceedings of the Sixth National Anaplasmosis Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada. Heritage Press, Stillwater, Oklahoma pp 66–70
Ristic M, Carson CA (1973) Methods of immunoprophylaxis against bovine anaplasmosis with emphasis on use of the attenuatedAnaplasma marginale vaccine. In: Miller LH, Pipano JA, McKelvy JJ (eds) Immunity to blood parasites of animals and man. Plenum, New York, pp 151–188
Rykova VS (1976) Serotherapy ofAnaplasma infections in cattle. In: Materialy II Vsesoyuznogo S″ezda Protozoologiya. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, pp 109–110
Schroeder WF, Ristic M (1965) Anaplasmosis: XII. The relation of autoimmune processes to anaemia. Am J Vet Res 26:239–245
Schroeder WF, Ristic M (1968) Blood serum factors associated with erythrophagocytosis in calves with anaplasmosis. Am J Vet Res 29:1991–1995
Shkap V, Pipano E, McGuire TC, Palmer GH (1991) Identification of immunodominant polypeptides common betweenAnaplasma marginale andAnaplasma centrale. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 29:31–40
Theiler A (1912) Gallsickness of imported cattle and the protective inoculation against the disease. Agric J Union S Afr 3:1
Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:4350–4354
Warren RL, Lu D, Sizemore DR, Baron US, Kopecko DJ (1990) Method for identifying antigens that stimulate specific lymphocyte responses: application toSalmonella. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:9823–9827
West S, Schroder J, Kunz W (1990) A multiple staining procedure for the detection of different DNA fragments on a single blot. Anal Biochem 190:254–258
Wilson AJ, Parker R, Trueman KF (1980) Experimental immunisation of calves againstAnaplasma marginale infection: observations on the use of livingA. centrale andA. marginale. Vet Parasitol 7:305–311
Young DB, Lamb JR (1986) T lymphocyte respond to solid phase antigen: a novel approach to the molecular analysis of cellular immunity. Immunology 59:167–171
Zaraza H, Kuttler KL (1971) Comparative efficacy of different immunisation systems against anaplasmosis. Trop Anim Fiealth Prod 3:77–82
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by the Australian Meat Research Corporation
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gale, K.R., Leatch, G., Gartside, M. et al. Anaplasma marginale: failure of sera from immune cattle to confer protection in passive-transfer experiments. Parasitol Res 78, 410–415 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931697
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931697