Skip to main content
Log in

The effect of Δ9, cannabidiol, and cannabinol on the anaesthesia induced by various anaesthetic agents in mice

  • Original Investigations
  • Published:
Psychopharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (2.5–80.0 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the anaesthesia induced by ketamine, pentobarbitone, thiopentone, propanidid, and Alfathesin® in a dose-dependent manner. Cannabinol and cannabidiol (both 5.0–80.0 mg/kg) were essentially inactive, except that cannabidiol prolonged pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia. The interaction of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol with the anaesthetic agents was postulated to be due to a centrally mediated action, whereas the effect of cannabidiol on pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia probably depended on a metabolic interaction. The interaction between the cannabinoids in influencing anaesthesia induced by the above agents was examined, and the interactions were found to be complex.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, P. F., Jackson, D. M., Chesher, G. B.: Interaction of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on intestinal motility in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 26, 136–137 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosé, B. C., Saifi, A. Q., Bhagwat, A. W.: Studies on pharmacological actions of Cannabis indica (Lynn). III. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 147, 291–297 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Card, B., McCulloch, R. J., Pratt, D. A. H.: Tissue distribution of CT1341 in the rat; an autoradiographic study. Postgrad. Med. J. 48, [Suppl. 2], 34 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesher, G. B., Jackson, D. M.: Anticonvulsant effects of cannabinoids in mice: drug interactions within cannabinoids and cannabinoid interactions with phenytoin. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 37, 255–264 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesher, G. B., Jackson, D. M., Starmer, G. A.: Interaction of cannabis and general anaesthetic agents in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 50, 593–599 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesher, G. B., Jackson, D. M., Malor, R. M.: Interaction of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol with phenobarbitone in protecting mice from electrically induced convulsions. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 27, 608–609 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Child, K. J., Gibson, W., Harnley, G., Hart, J. W.: Metabolism and excretion of Althesin (CT1341) in the rat. Postgrad. Med. J. 48 [Suppl. 2], 37 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, G. M., Peterson, D. W., Mannering, G. J.: Interaction of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol with the hepatic microsomal drug metabolising system. Life Sci. 10, 1207–1215 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, M., Schabarek, A., Coper, H., Hill, R.: Modification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol by cannabinol and cannabidiol in the rat. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 38, 329–338 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, E. W., Paton, W. D. M., Pertwee, R. G.: Preliminary experiments on the chemistry and pharmacology of cannabis. Nature 228, 134–136 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, S. C.: Hypnotics and sedatives: the barbiturates. In: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 5th ed., L. S. Goodman and A. Gilman, eds., pp. 102–103. New York: McMillan 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrington, L. P.: The heat regulation of small laboratory animals at various environmental temperatures. Am. J. Physiol. 129, 123–139 (1940)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karniol, I. G., Carlini, E. A.: Comparative studies in man and in laboratory animals on of Δ8-and Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol.Pharmacology 9, 115–126 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krantz, J. C., Berger, H. J., Welch, B. L.: Blockade of (-)trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol depressant effect by cannabinol in mice. Am. J. Pharm. 143, 149–152 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubena, R. K., Barry, H.: Interactions of Δ1THC with barbiturates and methamphetamine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 173, 94–100 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, D. K., Gill, E. W.: Structurally specific effects of some steroid anaesthetics on spin-labeled liposomes. Mol. Pharmacol. 11, 280–286 (1975a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, D. K., Gill, E. W.: The effect of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids on spin-labeled liposomes and their relationship to mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Mol. Pharmacol. 11, 595–602 (1975b)

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, D. A.: The pharmacology of Ketalar®: a review of laboratory studies. In: “Ketalar”, pp. 13–36. Canada: Parke Davis 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Malor, R., Jackson, D. M., Chesher, G. B.: The effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol on ether anaesthesia in mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 27, 610–612 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, W. D. M., Pertwee, R. G.: Effect of cannabis and certain of its constituents on phenobarbital sleeping time and phenazone metabolism. Br. J. Pharmacol. 44, 250–261 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, W. D. M., Pertwee, R. J., Temple, D. M.: The general pharmacology of cannabinoids. In: Cannabis and its derivatives, pharmacology and experimental psychology, W. D. M. Paton and J. Crown, eds., pp. 50–74 Oxford: Oxford University Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Reyes, M., Timmons, M. C., Davis, K. H., Wall, E. M.: A comparison of the pharmacological activity in man of intravenously administered Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol. Experientia 29, 1368–1369 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pütter, J.: Über den fermentativen Abbau des Propanidid. Anaesth. Resusc 4, 61–77 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sofia, R. D., Barry, H.: Depressant effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhanced by inhibition of its metabolism. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 13, 134–137 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Welburn, P. J., Starmer, G. A., Chesher, G. B., Jackson, D. M.: Effect of cannabinoids on the abdominal constriction response in mice: within cannabinoid interactions. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 46, 83–85 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Frizza, J., Chesher, G.B., Jackson, D.M. et al. The effect of Δ9, cannabidiol, and cannabinol on the anaesthesia induced by various anaesthetic agents in mice. Psychopharmacology 55, 103–107 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00432824

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00432824

Key words

Navigation