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The geochemistry and petrogenesis of K-rich alkaline volcanics from the Batu Tara volcano, eastern Sunda arc

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Abstract

Mineralogical, major and trace element, and isotopic data are presented for leucite basanite and leucite tephrite eruptives and dykes from the Batu Tara volcano, eastern Sunda arc. In general, the eruptives are markedly porphyritic with phenocrysts of clinopyroxene, olivine, leucite ±plagioclase±biotite set in similar groundmass assemblages. These K-rich alkaline volcanics have high concentrations of large-ion-lithophile (LIL), light rare earth (LRE) and most incompatible trace elements, and are characterized by high 87Sr/86Sr (0.70571–0.70706) and low 143Nd/ 144Nd (0.512609–0.512450) compared with less alkaline volcanics from the Sunda arc. They also display the relative depletion of Ti and Nb in chondrite-normalized plots which is a feature of subalkaline volcanics from the eastern Sunda arc and arc volcanics in general. Chemical and mineralogical data for the Batu Tara K-rich rocks indicate that they were formed by the accumulation of variable amounts of phenocrysts in several melts with different major and trace element compositions. The compositions of one of these melts estimated from glass inclusions in phenocrysts is relatively Fe-rich (100 Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)=48–51) and is inferred to have been derived from a more primitive magma by low-pressure crystal fractionation involving olivine, clinopyroxene and spinel. Mg-rich (mg ∼90) and Cr-rich (up to 1.7 wt. % Cr2O3) zones in complex oscillatory-zoned clinopyroxene phenocrysts probably also crystallized from such a magma. The marked oscillatory zoning in the clinopyroxene phenocrysts is considered to be the result of limited mixing of relatively ‘evolved’ with more primitive magmas, together with their phenocrysts, along interfaces between discrete convecting magma bodies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Tasmania, Box 252C, G.P.O., 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

    A. J. Stolz, R. Varne & G. E. Wheller

  2. Department of Geology, University of Adelaide, Box 498, G.P.O., 5001, Adelaide, S.A., Australia

    J. D. Foden

  3. School of Earth Sciences, Flinders University, 5042, Bedford Park, S.A., Australia

    M. J. Abbott

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  1. A. J. Stolz
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  2. R. Varne
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  3. G. E. Wheller
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  4. J. D. Foden
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  5. M. J. Abbott
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Stolz, A.J., Varne, R., Wheller, G.E. et al. The geochemistry and petrogenesis of K-rich alkaline volcanics from the Batu Tara volcano, eastern Sunda arc. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 98, 374–389 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375187

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