Abstract
The activity of some enzymes of intermediary metabolism, including enzymes of glycolysis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and polyol cryoprotectant synthesis, were measured in freeze-tolerant Eurosta solidaginis larvae over a winter season and upon entry into pupation. Flexible metabolic rearrangement was observed concurrently with acclimatization and development. Profiles of enzyme activities related to the metabolism of the cryoprotectant glycerol indicated that fall biosynthesis may occur from two possible pathways: 1. glyceraldehyde-phosphate → glyceraldehyde → glycerol, using glyceraldehyde phosphatase and NADPH-linked polyol dehydrogenase, or 2. dihydroxyacetonephosphate → glycerol-3-phosphate → glycerol, using glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphatase. Clearance of glycerol in the spring appeared to occur by a novel route through the action of polyol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde kinase. Profiles of enzyme activities associated with sorbitol metabolism suggested that this polyol cryoprotectant was synthesized from glucose-6-phosphate through the action of glucose-6-phosphatase and NADPH-linked polyol dehydrogenase. Removal of sorbitol in the spring appeared to occur through the action of sorbitol dehydrogenase and hexokinase. Glycogen phosphorylase activation ensured the required flow of carbon into the synthesis of both glycerol and sorbitol. Little change was seen in the activity of glycolytic or hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes over the winter. Increased activity of the α-glycerophosphate shuttle in the spring, indicated by greatly increased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, may be key to removal and oxidation of reducing equivalents generated from polyol cryoprotectan catabolism.
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Abbreviations
- 6PGDH:
-
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- DHAP:
-
dihydroxy acetone phosphate
- F6P:
-
fructose-6-phosphate
- F6Pase:
-
fructose-6-phospha-tase
- FBPase:
-
fructose-bisphosphatase
- G3P:
-
glycerol-3-phosphate
- G3Pase:
-
glycerol-3-phosphate phophatase
- G3PDH:
-
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- G6P:
-
glucose-6-phosphate
- G6Pase:
-
glucose-6-phosphatase
- G6PDH:
-
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAK:
-
glyceraldehyde kinase
- GAP:
-
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- GAPase:
-
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase
- GAPDH:
-
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GDH:
-
glycerol dehydrogenase
- GPase:
-
glycogen phosphorylase
- HMS:
-
hexose monophosphate shunt
- LDH:
-
lactate dehydrogenase
- NADP-IDH:
-
NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
- PDHald:
-
polyol dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde activity
- PDHgluc:
-
polyol dehydrogenase, glucose activity
- PFK:
-
phosphofructokinase
- PGI:
-
phosphoglucoisomerase
- PGK:
-
phosphoglycerate kinase
- PGM:
-
phosphoglucomutase
- PK:
-
pyruvate kinase
- PMSF:
-
phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride
- SoDH:
-
sorbitol dehydrogenase
- V max :
-
maximal enzyme activity
- ww:
-
wet weight
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Joanisse, D.R., Storey, K.B. Enzyme activity profiles in an overwintering population of freeze-tolerant larvae of the gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis . J Comp Physiol B 164, 247–255 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00354086
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00354086