Site occupancies of minor elements in synthetic olivines as determined by channeling-enhanced X-ray emission

Abstract

Major- and minor-element site occupancies have been determined for Ni- and Mn-rich synthetic forsteritic olivines that were equilibrated to 300, 600, 900, or 1,050° C, by analyzing electron-channeling-enhanced x-ray emissions. Site preferences for minor elements (Ni>Cr for M1; Ca>Mn for M2) are consistent with those reported in previous studies. Degrees of ordering at different elevated temperatures differ less than analytical errors, although there may be significant differences in ordering between olivines that have been rapidly quenched from 300° C or higher and those that have undergone normal lava-flow cooling histories. An x-ray structure refinement of San Carlos olivine (R=0.031) gives major-element occupancies similar to those determined by electron-channeling on the same material. Thus, the channeling technique gives results that are consistent with other methods, and it may be possible to use the technique to identify olivines that have undergone very rapid quenching.