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Before the crusade: Evolution in American secondary education before 1920

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Bibliography

  1. The sudden appearance of the antievolution movement was noted by early historians of fundamentalism, including Stewart G. Cole, The History of Fundamentalism (New York: Smith, 1931), p. 259, and Norman F. Furniss, The Fundamentalist Controversy, 1918–1931 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954), pp. 14–34 (quote at p. 10). Probing examinations of the developing sources of popular opposition to evolutionary thought that lay beneath the relative clam of the turn-of-the-century period are in George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870–1925 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 169–170; James R. Moore, The Post-Darwinian Controversies: A Study of the Protestant Struggle to Come to Terms with Darwin in Great Britian and America, 1870–1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 73–75; Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism, 1800–1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970), pp. 266–269; and Ferenc Morton Szasz, The Divided Mind of Protestant America, 1880–1930 (University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1982), pp. 107–116.

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    Edward J. Larson

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An earlier version of this article appeared as chapter one of Edward J. Larson, Trial and Error; The American Controversy Over Creation and Evolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 7–27.

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Larson, E.J. Before the crusade: Evolution in American secondary education before 1920. J Hist Biol 20, 89–114 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00125259

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