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Gibt es den Dichte- und den Substitutionseffekt?

  • Original Empirical Research
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der markt

Zusammenfassung

Die Marketingforschung bietet viele Ansätze, die dabei helfen, ein neues Produkt so zu positionieren, dass dessen Marktanteil möglichst hoch wird. Demgegenüber existiert noch wenig Wissen zur Frage, welche der bereits vorhandenen Produkte durch die Markteinführung eines Neuprodukts voraussichtlich an Marktanteil verlieren werden. Typischerweise wird ein Anbieter eines zusätzlichen Produkts seinen gesamten Marktanteil zulasten des Marktanteils von Wettbewerbern erhöhen wollen, weswegen starke Kannibalisierungseffekte durch eine eigene Neueinführung unerwünscht sind. Wird bekannt, dass ein Wettbewerber ein Neuprodukt auf den Markt zu bringen beabsichtigt, ist es wichtig zu wissen, ob der Marktanteil des eigenen Produkts stark durch diese Neueinführung gefährdet sein wird, um gegebenenfalls rechtzeitig Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird die Frage behandelt, wie sehr der Marktanteil bisher existenter Produkte gefährdet ist, wenn das neu angebotene Produkt einen Kompromiss in Bezug auf bisher angebotene Produkte darstellt. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen werden die Ergebnisse aus drei Studien, die in der Literatur bereits veröffentlicht worden sind, und aus sechs neuen Studien, für die insgesamt 3.699 Studenten im Zeitraum zwischen 2005 und 2010 befragt worden sind, herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es weder einen Dichte- noch einen Substitutionseffekt gibt, weswegen die Ähnlichkeit zwischen den Produkten keine Aussagekraft dafür hat, welches Produkt in vergleichsweise hohem Maße an Marktanteil verlieren wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass sich Anbieter vor drohenden Marktanteilsverlusten schützen sollten, unabhängig davon, wie ähnlich sich das neue Produkt und bereits vorhandene Produkte sind. Nach den Befunden aus dieser Studie kommt es darauf an, ob das Kompromissprodukt in einer hochpreisigen oder einer geringpreisigen Produktkategorie angeboten wird, um vorhersagen zu können, welches der bisherigen Produkte in hohem Maß an Marktanteil verlieren wird.

Abstract

Marketing literature provides many approaches which could be used to identify a position of a new product that maximizes this new product’s expected market share. However, little is known about the answer to the question of which of the pre-existing products will lose market share to a lower or to a higher extent. If a supplier adds a new product to pre-existing products he is expected to aim at increasing his total market share at the expense of the market shares of his competitors’ products but not of his own products’ market shares. If a competitor is known to introduce a new product into the market it is important to derive assumptions whether the market share of one’s own products is endangered since countermeasures should be taken in time. This paper deals with the relationship between the position of a new product and the relative decrease of the market shares of pre-existing products. We refer to the results of three experiments that have already been published in literature and add the findings from six new studies conducted between 2005 and 2010 in which 3,699 students participated. The results neither provide evidence for the existence of a density effect nor for the existence of a substitution effect. Thus, similarity between pre-existing and new products can not be used to predict the losses of market shares of pre-existing products. As a consequence, suppliers are recommended to take measures that protect the market share of similar as well as dissimilar products when a new product is introduced into the market. On the contrary, our results show that the relative losses of market shares of pre-existing products depend on the price category the products belong to.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken Frau Xandra Ding, Berit Ehlich, Sabrina Etzel, Daniela Heinritz, Kathrin Jakobi, Elisabeth Lang, Sandra Negendank, Andrea Neumann, Sarah Rigas, Julia Schmid, Michaela Weich und Nicole Wenz sowie Herrn Tobias Fesl, Andreas Hembacher, Norbert Schwärzler und Sebastian Thiel für die Mitarbeit an dieser Studie sowie zwei Gutachtern für wertvolle Hinweise.

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Gierl, H., Stiegelmayr, K. Gibt es den Dichte- und den Substitutionseffekt?. markt 50, 75–96 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12642-010-0043-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12642-010-0043-6

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