Abstract
As previously demonstrated, m-phones can be easily used, without any adapter, to take and send images from a microscope (Terry in Telemed and e-Health 17(5): 320–323, 2011); (Bellina and Missoni in Health and Technol doi:10.1007/s12553-011-0008, 2011). The extraordinary power of m-phone in the education of very low skilled students, illiterate and/or vulnerable subjects has been previously described (Bellina and Missoni in Telemed and e-Health 17(9): 750–750, 2011). The objective of the current study is to investigate the mechanisms generating the strong educational potential of the method, by exploring the psychological relationships brought by the use of m-phone in the learning mechanisms. A two-phase approach training was performed by using structured interviews, didactic tables, m-phones and computers as didactic tools. A total of 101 health workers have been successfully trained in basic lab skills and in the application of m-phone to capture microscope snapshot images, from September 2009 to May 2013 in limited-resource settings, such as rural health units in Uganda, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo and Thailand. Results showed that sharing images by m-phone, together with a two-phase educational method, (phase of relation, with a personal approach to the student, and phase of contextualization, with an approach to local community problems)combined with the use of logical didactic tables, proved to be a phenomenal learning tool, immediately linked to students’ personal perceptions.
References
Terry M. Medical connectivity telemicroscopes and point-of-care diagnostics team up with smartphones. Telemed and e-Health. 2011;17(5):320–3. doi:10.1089/tmj.2011.9984.
Bellina L, Missoni E. M-learning: mobile phones’ appropriateness and potential for the training of laboratory technicians in limited-resource settings- Health and Technology 2011 October, doi: 10.1007/s12553-011-0008 http://www.springerlink.com/content/a328n117r7775322/
Bellina L, Missoni E. Mobile diagnosis: bridging sociocultural gaps and empowering women. Telemed and e-Health. 2011;17(9):750. doi:10.1089/tmj.2011.9976.
WHO and GHWFA 2011. Global experience of community health workers for delivery of millennium development goals: A Systematic Review, Country Case Studies, and Recommendations for Integration into National Health Systems. http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/knowledge/publications/alliance/CHWreport_exsummary.pdf
Kieny M-P, Krech R, Etienne C. Human resources for universal health coverage: from evidence to policy and action Mozart Sales. doi:10.2471/BLT.13.131110
Cometto G, Witterb S. Tackling health workforce challenges to universal health coverage: setting target and measuring progress http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/11/13-118810.pdf
UNDP. Human Development Index (HDI) - 2010 Rankings. http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/
Piotti B, Macome E. Public healthcare in Mozambique: strategic issues in the ICT development during managerial changes and public reforms. Int J Inform. 2007;76 suppl 1:S184–95. PMID: 16807083 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank all of the students, health workers, patients and other people who made this study possible, including supporting our field work in Uganda, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo, Thailand, and all people of all communities where I went to, who helped me and loved me. A particular thanks to Sandro Calvani who encouraged me to go on, Eduardo Missoni for its friendship and help, and for the friendly editing of the draft, to Alberto Bellina for its useful suggestions, and to my sons Vincenzo e Giorgio Prestigiacomo, for their constant encouragement and support.
Competing interests
None. The education method will be shared and widespread where it could be useful.
Authors’ contributions
LB, together with RC, conceived the proposed educative method technique, the contextualization of the model, and experimented it on field, and, along with them, GA, IL, RI, FV, FC verified the quality of images and conceived all graphic solutions for didactic materials. AM conceived and verified all surveys. Both the authors LB and RC contributed equally in the bibliographic research and organization of data, as well as in the drafting of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bellina, L., Azzolina, G., Nucatola, I. et al. M-phone impact on practical training: role of m-phone as part of the educative method for training local health workers of rural areas of developing countries. Health Technol. 4, 289–294 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-013-0073-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-013-0073-4