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A Draft Genome Sequence Reveals the Helminthosporium solani Arsenal for Cell Wall Degradation

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Abstract

Helminthosporium solani is a slow-growing fungal pathogen belonging to the family Massarinaceae. It causes blemishes on potato tubers, affecting processing and fresh market trade. Despite its worldwide distribution, little is known about the biology of H. solani. Here we report the generation of a draft genome sequence of H. solani with an estimated genome size of ~35 megabases, for use in phylogenetic and pathogenicity studies of this fungal pathogen. This sequence is also the first reference genome within the family Massarinaceae. We identified a large suite of genes in the H. solani genome that encode putative cell wall degrading enzymes. Based on comparison with other genomes, we speculate that H. solani is a hemibiotroph or necrotroph. The presence of a large number of genes in the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 10 and 43 families, which aid in the hydrolysis of glucoronoarabinoxylan, also suggests that H. solani may be able to survive on grass hosts and indicates the need to re-examine the life cycle and host range of this pathogen.

Resumen

Helminthosporium solani, es un hongo patógeno de lento crecimiento que pertenece a la familia Massarinaceae. Causa manchas en los tubérculos de papa, afectando el mercado en fresco y de procesamiento. A pesar de su distribución mundial, se sabe poco de la biología de H. solani. Aquí reportamos la generación de una secuencia preliminar del genomio de H. solani, con un tamaño genómico estimado de ~35 megabases, para uso en estudios filogenéticos y de patogenicidad de este patógeno fúngico. Esta secuencia también es la primera referencia genómica dentro de la familia Massarinaceae. Identificamos un gran conjunto de genes en el genómio de H. solani que codifican supuestamente para enzimas degradadoras de pared celular. Con base en la comparación con otros genomios, especulamos que H. solani es un hemibiótrofo o necrótrofo. La presencia de un gran número de genes en las familias 10 y 43 de glicósido hidrolasa (GH), que ayudan en la hidrólisis de glucoronoarabinoxilano, también sugiere que H. solani pudiera ser capaz de sobrevivir en pastos hospedantes o en desechos, e indica la necesidad de reexaminar el ciclo biológico y la amplitud de hospederos de este patógeno.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Jason L. Kingstad for assisting with blast searches and construction of phylogenetic trees. We also thank Samantha Sparrow for conducting co-inoculation assays. This work was funded by the Ceres Trust and the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association.

All the experiments performed complied with the current regulations of the United States of America.

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Correspondence to Amy O. Charkowski.

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Mattupalli, C., Glasner, J.D. & Charkowski, A.O. A Draft Genome Sequence Reveals the Helminthosporium solani Arsenal for Cell Wall Degradation. Am. J. Potato Res. 91, 517–524 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-014-9382-z

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