Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

‘Now I’m Part of Australia and I Need to Know What Is Happening Here’: Case of Hazara Male Former Refugees in Brisbane Strategically Selecting Media to Aid Acculturation

  • Published:
Journal of International Migration and Integration Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Given the steady rise in the number of Hazara seeking asylum in Australia, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of media in their acculturation and to explore whether their level of English language proficiency played a mediating role in selecting certain media platforms over others. Data were collected through 29 participants completing a survey, followed by in-depth interviews with ten Hazara male youths (age ≤18 years) in Brisbane, Australia. The findings suggested that young Hazara men were very selective in their media choice. While some used media to improve their integration into Australia, others consciously chose to separate and be more “Afghan” than “Australian”. In this selection process, their self-awareness with regard to English language proficiency, coupled with how motivated they were to learn English, played a critical mediating role; certain participants who had limited English proficiency and wanted to improve it watched English language media to improve their proficiency. These media were avoided by participants with a similar proficiency who had no interest in improving it; participants representing this group resorted to Hazaragi/Dari media for information and news, instead of the local media. In this study, the latter group also displayed a separation approach of acculturation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abrams, J. R., & Giles, H. (2007). Ethnic identity gratifications selection and avoidance by African Americans: a group vitality and social identity gratifications perspective. Media Psychology, 9(1), 115–134. doi:10.1080/15213260701279598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belson, K. (2006, February 20). It rings, sings, downloads, uploads. But can you stand it? New York Times, C1.

  • Berry, J. W. (1974). Psychological aspects of cultural pluralism: unity and identity reconsidered. Topics in Cultural Learning, 2, 239–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In K. Chun, P. Balls-Organista, & G. Marin (Eds.), Acculturation: advances in theory, measurement and application (pp. 17–33). Washington: APA Books.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., & Sam, D. L. (1997). Acculturation and adaptation. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, vol. 3: social behaviour and applications (2nd ed., pp. 291–326). Boston: Alyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55(3), 303–332. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, A. (1999). Carrying out a survey of refugees: some methodological considerations and guidelines. Journal of Refugee Studies, 12(4), 367–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. doi:10.1177/135910457000100301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broadbent, R., Cacciattolo, M., & Carpenter, C. (2007). A tale of two communities: refugee relocation in Australia. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 42(4), 581–601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheach, W. H., Karamehic-Muratovic, A., Matsuo, H. S., & Poljarevic, A. (2011). The influence of environmental factors on Bosnian refugees’ resettlement process. The Global Studies Journal, 2(3), 169–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, B. Y., Chudek, M., & Heine, S. J. (2011). Evidence for a sensitive period for acculturation: younger immigrants report acculturating at a faster rate. Psychological Science, 22(2), 147–152. doi:10.1177/0956797610394661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalisay, F. (2012). Media use and acculturation of new immigrants in the United States. Communication Research Reports, 29(2), 148–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Immigration and Citizenship. (2011). Refugee and humanitarian issues: Australia’s response. Retrieved from http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/refugee/ref-hum-issues/pdf/refugee-humanitarian-issues-june11.pdf. Accessed 28 Aug 2014.

  • Department of Immigration and Citizenship. (2012). Asylum trends—Australia: 2011-12. Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Belconnen: ACT, Australia.

  • Department of Immigration and Citizenship (2013). Migration to Australia’s states and territories, 2011–12. Retrieved from http://www.immi.gov.au/Search/Pages/Results.aspx?k=Migration%20to%20Australia%27s%20states%20and%20territories. Accessed 2 Sep 2014.

  • Glazebrook, D. (2004). Becoming mobile after detention. Social Analysis (Adelaide), 48(3), 40–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foregger, S. (2008). Uses and gratifications of Facebook.com. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, United States. Dissertations & Theses: Full Text (Publication No. AAT 3331906). Retrieved 14 Oct 2009.

  • Hebbani, A., Obijiofor, L., & Bristed, H. (2010). Intercultural communication challenges confronting female Sudanese former refugees in Australia. Australasian Review of African Studies, 31(1), 37–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iman, M. T. (2008). Acculturation of Iranian migrants in Australia. Sociation Today, 6(1).

  • Kim, Y. Y. (1977). Communication patterns of foreign immigrants in the process of acculturation. Human Communication Research, 4(1), 66–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. Y. (1992). Development of intercultural identity. Paper presented at the annual conference of the International Communication Association, Miami, FL.

  • Kim, J., & Rubin, M. A. (1997). The variable influence of audience activity on media effects. Communication Research, 24(2), 107–135. doi:10.1177/009365097024002001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koser, K. (2010). Responding to boat arrivals in Australia: time for a reality check. Lowy Institute for International Policy. Retrieved from http://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/responding-boat-arrivals-australia-time-reality-check, http://www.lowyinstitute.org/Publication.asp?pid=1477. Accessed 28 Aug 2014.

  • Lange, C., Kamalkhani, Z., & Baldassar, L. (2007). Afghan Hazara refugees in Australia: constructing Australian citizens. Social Identities, 13(1), 31–50. doi:10.1080/13504630601163353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leach, M., & Mansouri, F. (2003). “Strange word”: refugee perspectives on government and media stereotyping. Overland, 172, 19–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung, L., Lamb, C., & Emrys, L. (2009). Technology’s refuge: the use of technology by asylum seekers and refugees. Sydney: UTSePress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung, L., & Wei, R. (2000). More than just talk on the move: Uses and gratifications on the cellular phone. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 308–320.

  • Ludwig, M., & Schierl, T. (2012). Sport, media and migration: use of sports media by Turkish migrants and its potential for integration. Sport in Society, 16(1), 94–105. doi:10.1080/17430437.2012.69046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, L. A., Biedrzycki, K., & Baum, F. (2010). Digital technology access and use among socially and economically disadvantaged groups in South Australia. Retrieved from http://cijournal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/639/582. Accessed 1 Sep 2014.

  • O’Leary, Z. (2010). The essential guide to doing your research project (3rd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owatadoiajam, M. (1976). A sociological study of the Hazara tribe in Baluchistan (an analysis of social-cultural change) Retrieved from http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/665/1/443.htm. Accessed 28 Aug 2014.

  • Phillips, J., & Spinks, H. (2011). Background note: boat arrivals in Australia since 1976. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2011-2012/BoatArrivals, http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/bn/sp/boatarrivals.htm. Accessed 28 Aug 2014

  • Poppitt, G., & Frey, R. (2007). Sudanese adolescent refugees: acculturation and acculturative stress. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 17(2), 160–181. doi:10.1375/ajgc.17.2.160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Queensland Government. (2011). Supporting information: understanding key terms and concepts. Retrieved from http://www.qld.gov.au/web/community-engagement/guides-factsheets/cald-communities/introduction/key-terms.html. Accessed 28 Aug 2014

  • Rodriguez-Jimenez, A., & Gifford, S. M. (2010). ‘Finding voice’: learnings and insights from a participatory media project with recently arrived Afghan young men with refugee backgrounds. Youth Studies Australia, 29(2), 33–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, A. M. (1994). Media uses and effects: A uses-andgratifications perspective. In J. Bryant & Zillmann, D. (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 417–436). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • Ruggerio, T. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication and Society, 3(1), 3–37.

  • Somani, I. S. (2010). Becoming American. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 3(1), 59–81. doi:10.1080/17513050903428125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, P. (2005). From under a leaky roof: Afghan refugees in Australia. Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centre Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, T. F., Stafford, M. R., & Schkade, L. L. (2004). Determining uses and gratifications for the internet. Decision Sciences, 35, 259–288. doi:10.1111/j.00117315.2004.02524.x.

  • Stein, B. (1981). The refugee experience: defining the parameters of a field of study. International Migration Review, 15(1), 320–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waxman, P. (2001). The economic adjustment of recently arrived Bosnian, Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Sydney, Australia. The International Migration Review, 35(2), 472–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, R. (2008). Motivations for using the mobile phone for mass communications and entertainment. Telematics and Informatics, 25(1), 36–46. doi:10.1111/j.00117315.2004.02524.x.

  • West, R. L. (2007). Introducing communication theory: analysis and application. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C., Wu, H., Zhu, M., & Southwell, B. G. (2004). Tuning in to fit in? Acculturation and media use among Chinese students in the United States. Asian Journal of Communication, 14(1), 81–94. doi:10.1080/01292980420001951512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aparna Hebbani.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tudsri, P., Hebbani, A. ‘Now I’m Part of Australia and I Need to Know What Is Happening Here’: Case of Hazara Male Former Refugees in Brisbane Strategically Selecting Media to Aid Acculturation. Int. Migration & Integration 16, 1273–1289 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0373-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0373-1

Keywords

Navigation