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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Intestinal Microbiota, Probiotics and Human Gastrointestinal Cancers

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article was retracted on 25 August 2013

Abstract

Introduction

Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract account for 25 % of all cancers and for 9 % of all causes of cancer death in the world, so gastrointestinal cancers represent a major health problem. In the past decades, an emerging role has been attributed to the interactions between the gastrointestinal content and the onset of neoplasia.

Methods

Thus, exogenous microbial administration of peculiar bacterial strains (probiotics) has been suggested as having a profound influence on multiple processes associated with a change in cancer risk. Probiotics are mono or mixed cultures of live microorganisms that might beneficially affect the host by improving the characteristics of indigenous microflora. Although the effects of probiotic administration has been intensively investigated in vitro, in animal models, in healthy volunteers, and in some human gastrointestinal diseases, very little is still known about the possible cross-interactions among probiotic administration, changes of intestinal flora, and the neoplastic transformation of gastrointestinal mucosa.

Results

Theoretically, probiotics are able to reduce cancer risk by a number of mechanisms: (a) binding and degradation of potential carcinogens; (b) quantitative, qualitative and metabolic alterations of the intestinal microflora; (c) production of anti-tumorigenic or anti-mutagenic compounds; (d) competitive action towards pathogenic bacteria; (e) enhancement of the host’s immune response; (f) direct effects on cell proliferation.

Conclusion

This review will attempt to highlight the literature on the most widely recognized effects of probiotics against neoplastic transformation of gastrointestinal mucosa and in particular on their effects on cell proliferation.

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Abbreviations

GI:

Gastrointestinal

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

H. pylori:

Helicobacter pylori

GC:

Gastric cancer

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

IBS:

Irritable bowel syndrome

ACF:

Aberrant crypt foci

L. GG:

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

ODC:

Ornithine decarboxylase

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

SMO:

Spermine oxidase

PAO:

Polyamine oxidase

SSAT:

Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase

SAMDC:

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. “S. de Bellis”, Via Turi, 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy

    Antonella Orlando & Francesco Russo

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  1. Antonella Orlando
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  2. Francesco Russo
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Correspondence to Francesco Russo.

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The authors retract this article as it contains large sections of text duplicated from previously published articles.The authors accept full responsibility for the duplication and apologize to the Editor and readers, as well as to the authors of the original articles.

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Orlando, A., Russo, F. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Intestinal Microbiota, Probiotics and Human Gastrointestinal Cancers. J Gastrointest Canc 44, 121–131 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-012-9459-1

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