Abstract
One hundred Muscovy ducklings, 5-wk-old, from each gender were assigned to five dietary treatments. Each treatment of each sex contained two replicates of 10 ducklings each. Ducks were fed, from 4–9 wk of age, five isonitrogenous diets that differed in protein source, i.e., commercial protein concentrate (CPC), soybean meal, meat meal (MM), herring fish meal (HFM), and mixed herring fish and meat meals (HFM + MM). At the end of the experiment, four ducks per treatment were slaughtered for carcass evaluation and the fatty acid profiles of their meat, adipose tissue, and plasma. Final body weight of both sexes showed no difference among protein sources, although males fed CPC or MM diets had the largest weight gain. No differences in feed consumption and conversion between sexes were shown, although differences in θ-3 fatty acid consumption due to protein source were significant. Feeding fish meal reduced the sensory acceptance of meat, whereas the plant protein diet improved it. Total lipid and cholesterol contents of the meat of males showed no differences between protein sources. Correlation between θ-3 fatty acid consumption and plasma cholesterol was negative (r=0.91; P=0.03). Moreover, correlation between plasma cholesterol and plasma lipid was positive (r=0.97; P=0.01). Feeding fish meal enriched total unsaturated fatty acid of adipose tissues, θ-3 fatty acid of adipose and meat tissues, and total unsaturated fatty acid of thigh meat. Total unsaturated fatty acid and θ-3 fatty acid of blood plasma from females were also enriched by feeding fish meal-containing diets.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Phetteplace, H.W., and B.A. Watkins, Effects of Various n-3 Lipid Sources on Fatty Acid Composition in Chicken Tissues. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2:104–117 (1989).
Dolecek, T.A., and G. Grandits, Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trail, Health Effects of 3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods, World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 66:205–216 (1991).
National Research Council, NRC, Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 8th revised edn., National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1984, pp. 30–43.
Saleh, K., Y.A. Attia, and H. Younis, Partial Replacement of the Dietary Energy and Protein Sources by Local Feedstuffs and Its Effects on the Broiler Performance, Second Scientific Conference on Poultry, Sept. 1994, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, 1994, pp. 222–241.
Tilgner, D.J., Analiza Organoleptyczna Zywnosci, Wplis, Warszawa, Poland, 1957.
Chabrol, E., and R. Charonnat, Prees Medical 45:1713–1720 (1973).
Ratllif, C.R., and F. Hall, Methods Determination of Plasma Cholesterol. Laboratory Manual of Clinical Biochemistry, Scott and White Memorial Hospital Publication Office, Temple, 1973.
Folch, J., M. Less, and G.H. Stanley, A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues, J. Biol. Chem. 226:497–509 (1957).
Ajuyah, A.O., K.H., Lee, R.T. Hardin, and J.S. Sim, Influence of Dietary Full-Fat Seeds and Oils on Total Lipid, Cholesterol, and Fatty Acid Composition of Broiler Meats, Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1011–1019 (1991).
SAS Institute, SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, version 5 edn., SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, 1985.
Duncan, D.B., Multiple Range and Multiple F Tests, Biometrics, 11:1–42 (1955).
Leclercq, B., and H. De Carville, Growth and Body Composition of Muscovy Ducks, Station de-Recherches Avicoles, I.N.R.A., Monnie, France, 1985.
Opstvedt, J., Nutritional Significance of Residual Lipids in Fish Meal, Feedstuffs 46:26–28 (1974).
Olomu, J.M., and S.A. Offiong, The Effects of Different Energy and Protein Levels and Time of Change from Starter to Finisher Rations on the Performance of Broiler Chickens in the Tropics, Poultry Sci. 59:828–835 (1980).
Pinchasov, I., and I. Nir, Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentration on Performance, Fat Deposition, and Carcass Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens, Ibid.:1504–1512 (1992).
Hulan, H.W., R.G. Ackman, W.M.N. Ratnayake, and F.G. Proudfoot, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels and General Performance of Commercial Broilers Fed Practical Levels of Red Fish Meal, Ibid.:153–162 (1989).
Scott, M.L., M.C. Nesheim, and R.J. Young, in Nutrition of the Chicken, 3rd edn., M.L. Scott & Associates, Ithaca, 1982, pp. 63.
Waldroup, P.W., P. van Walleghem, J.L. Fry, C. Chicco, and R.H. Hamrs, Fish Meat Studies. I. Effect of Levels and Sources on Broiler Growth Rate and Feed Efficiency, Poultry Sci. 44:1012–1016 (1965).
Proudfoot, F.G., W.F. Lamoreux, and J.R. Aitken, Performance of Commercial Broiler Genotypes on Fish Meal Diets with a Charcoal Supplement, Ibid.:1124–1130 (1971).
Wilson, B.J., Effects of Diet Form on the Performance of Table Ducklings, Br. Poultry Sci. 14:589–593 (1973).
Ajuyah, A.O., K.H. Lee, R.T. Hardin, and J.S. Sim, Yield, Lipid, Cholesterol, and Fatty Acid Composition of Spent Hens Fed Full-Fat Seeds and Fish Meal Diets, J. Food Sci. 57:338–341 (1992).
Waldroup, P.W., N.M. Tidwell, and A.L. Izat, The Effect of Energy and Amino Acid Levels on Performance and Carcass Quality of Male and Female Broilers Fed Separately, Poultry Sci. 69:1513–1521 (1991).
Ratnayake, W.M.N., R.G. Ackman, and H.W. Hulan, Effect of Red Fish Meal Enriched Diets on the Taste and n-3 PUFA of 42-Day-Old Broiler Chickens, J. Sci. Food Agric. 49:59–74 (1989).
Miller, D., and P. Robisch, Comparative Effects of Herring, Menhaden and Safflower Oils on Broiler Tissues Fatty Acid Composition and Flavor, Poultry Sci. 48:2146–2157 (1969).
Hammershøj, M., Effects of Dietary Fish Oil with Natural Content of Carotenoids on Fatty Acid Composition, n-3 Fatty Acid Content, Yolk Colour and Egg Quality of Hen Eggs, Archiv für Geflüelkunde 59:189–197 (1995).
Van Elswyk, M.E., B.M. Hargis, J.D. Williams, and P.S. Hargis, Dietary Menhaden Oil Contributes to Hepatic Lipidosis in Laying Hens, Poultry Sci. 73:653–662 (1994).
Norum, K.R., and C.A. Drevon, Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Diseases, Arteriosclerosis 6:352–355 (1986).
Nordoy, A., and M. Goodnights, Dietary Lipids and Thrombosis, Ibid.:149–163 (1990).
Deaton, J.W., J.L. McNaughton, F.N. Reece, and B.D. Lott, Abdominal Fat of Broiler as Influenced by Dietary Level of Animal Fat, Poultry Sci. 60:1250–1253 (1981).
Keren-Zvi, S., I. Nir, Z. Nitsan, and A. Cohoner, Effect of Dietary Concentration of Fat and Energy on Fat Deposition in Broilers Divergently Selected for High or Low Abdominal Adipose Tissue, Br. Poultry Sci. 31:507–516 (1990).
Phetteplace, H.W., and B.A. Watkins, Lipid Measurements in Chickens Fed Different Combinations of Chicken Fat and Menhaden Oil, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 38:1848–1853 (1990).
Olver, M.D., D.U. Plessis, and L.M. Dennison, Agroanimala 11:5–8 (1979).
Farrell, D.J., Manipulation of Growth, Carcass Composition, and Fatty Acid Content of Meat-Type Ducks Using Short-Term Feed Restriction and Dietary Additions, J. Anim. Physiol. 2. Anim. Nutr. 65:146–153 (1991).
Furuse, M., I. Tashiya, S. Miyogawa, J. Nakagawa, T. Shimizu, T. Watanabe, and J.I. Okumura, Effect of Dietary Sorbose on Lipid Metabolism in Male and Female Broilers, Poultry Sci. 70:95–102 (1991).
Bartov, I., and S. Bornstein, Effects of Degree of Fatness in Broilers on Other Carcass Characteristics: Relationship Between Fatness and the Composition of Carcass Fat, Br. Poultry Sci. 17:17–27 (1976).
Nir, I., Z. Nitsan, and S. Keren-Zvi, Fat Deposition in Birds, in Leanness in Domestic Birds, edited by B. Leclercq and C.C. Whitehead, Butterworths, London, 1988, pp. 141–174.
Hargis, P.S., and M.E. Van Elswyk, Manipulating the Fatty Acid Composition of Poultry Meat and Eggs for the Health Conscious Consumer, World’s Poultry Sci. J. 49:252–264 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was presented at the 21st World Congress and Exhibition of the International Society for Fat Research (ISF) October 1–6, 1995, The Netherlands Congress Center, The Hague.
About this article
Cite this article
El-Deek, A.A., Barakat, M.O., Attia, Y.A. et al. Effect of feeding muscovy ducklings different protein sources: Performance, θ-3 fatty acid contents, and acceptability of their tissues. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 74, 999–1009 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0017-0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0017-0