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New Alloying Systems for Sintered Steels: Critical Aspects of Sintering Behavior

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Abstract

Oxygen-sensitive alloying elements such as Mn, Si, and Cr have a high potential for improving the properties of low alloyed sintered steels while reducing the alloying cost. However, it is necessary to find a way for avoiding, or at least minimizing, the oxidation of these elements especially during the early stages of the sintering cycle. In this study Mn, Si, and Cr were introduced in the form of a master alloy powder designed to be mixed with the iron base powder and provide the final composition of the steel during the sintering process. The reduction/oxidation phenomena taking place during the heating stage were studied by thermogravimetry, dilatometry, and mass spectroscopy, using either reducing (H2) or inert (Ar) atmospheres. The results show how the difference in chemical activity between base iron powder and master alloy causes the so called “internal-getter” effect, by which the reduction of less stable iron oxides leads to oxidation of the elements with higher affinity for oxygen. This effect can be somehow minimized when sintering in H2, since the iron oxides are reduced at lower temperatures at which the reactivity of the elements in the master alloy is lower. However, H2 concentration in the processing atmosphere needs to be carefully adapted to the specific composition of the materials being processed in order to minimize decarburization by methane formation during sintering.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Höganäs AB Sweden for the financial support provided through the Höganäs Chair IV, as well as all the members of the project for their very valuable scientific support.

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Author notes

  1. Raquel Oro (Post-doctoral Researcher)

    Present address: Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 2A, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain

    Raquel Oro (Post-doctoral Researcher), Mónica Campos (Docent) & José Manuel Torralba (Full Professor)

  2. Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-CT, 1060, Vienna, Austria

    Christian Gierl-Mayer (Senior Researcher) & Herbert Danninger (Full Professor)

  3. IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain

    José Manuel Torralba (Full Professor)

Authors
  1. Raquel Oro
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  2. Mónica Campos
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  3. Christian Gierl-Mayer
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  4. Herbert Danninger
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  5. José Manuel Torralba
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raquel Oro.

Additional information

From 12th January 2015, Raquel de Oro Calderon will be at Vienna University of Technology.

Manuscript submitted March 24, 2014.

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Oro, R., Campos, M., Gierl-Mayer, C. et al. New Alloying Systems for Sintered Steels: Critical Aspects of Sintering Behavior. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 1349–1359 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2707-1

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