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Modeling of the Effect of Temperature, Frequency, and Phase Transformations on the Viscoelastic Properties of AA 7075-T6 and AA 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloys

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Abstract

The viscoelastic response of commercial aluminum alloys 7075-T6 and 2024-T3 as a function of temperature is presented. Experimental data are obtained with a dynamic-mechanical analyzer (DMA) at different loading frequencies and compared with the available transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. The effect of successive microstructural transformations (particle precipitation and redissolution) is revealed. An analytical model is developed, which fits the mechanical response up to 573 K (300 °C). The model takes into account the concentration of Guinier-Preston Zones (GPZ) and metastable precipitates (η′ in AA 7075-T6 and θ′/S′ in AA 2024-T3), allowing us to determine the kinetic parameters of these transformations. The activation energies were previously obtained by several authors from DSC measurements and other techniques, showing considerable dispersion. The presented data, obtained with a completely different technique, allow us to reduce the uncertainty on these data and show the potential of DMA measurements in the study of microstructural transformations.

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Notes

  1. The dimensionless transformed fraction or simply transformed fraction is the ratio concentration-to-initial concentration in dissolution processes and the ratio concentration-to-final concentration in precipitation processes.

  2. For the sake of model simplicity, for AA 7075, the third term on the r.h.s. of Eq. [6] accounts for the joint effect of GPZ I and GPZ II. For AA 2024, this term accounts for the joint effect of GPZ I, GPZ II, and GPBZ, and the last term accounts for the joint effect of θ′ and S′. This trade solution stems from the yet unknown isolated effect of each one of these particular phases on the storage modulus, to the author’s knowledge. Thus, for AA 2024, C 1 stands for the combined GPZ I, GPZ II, plus GPBZ concentration, and C 2 accounts for the combined θ′ plus S′ concentration.

  3. For instance, GPZ precipitation for an AlCuMg alloy is completed after 500 minutes of natural aging at RT,[3] and GPZ I in AlZnMg alloys form also by natural aging at RT.[8]

  4. From now on for AA 2024, we will use the term GPZ to refer simultaneously to GPZ and GPBZ.

  5. The term “continuation” is preferred to “beginning” because some η′ precipitates are likely to be already present in AA 7075-T6 at RT.

  6. Slight deviations observed in the vicinity of the upper limit (i.e., the storage modulus maximum) are likely due to the advent of secondary precipitates redissolution, which is not represented in our model.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the MICINN Grant MAT2010-14907 and Generalitat de Catalunya Grant 2009SGR01251.

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  1. Escola d’Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain

    Jose I. Rojas (Teaching Assistant) & Daniel Crespo (Professor)

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  1. Jose I. Rojas
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  2. Daniel Crespo
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Correspondence to Jose I. Rojas.

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Manuscript submitted May 24, 2011.

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Rojas, J.I., Crespo, D. Modeling of the Effect of Temperature, Frequency, and Phase Transformations on the Viscoelastic Properties of AA 7075-T6 and AA 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 4633–4646 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1281-7

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